Characterization of the early local immune response to Ixodes ricinus tick bites in human skin.
Characterization of the early local immune response to Ixodes ricinus tick bites in human skin.
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DOI：
10.1111/exd.13207
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Müllegger RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Glatz M;Means T;Haas J;Steere AC;Müllegger RR
在蜱虫叮咬人体皮肤的过程中，蜱虫唾液对人体皮肤的免疫调节作用知之甚少。我们研究了趋化因子，细胞因子和白细胞标志物的表达的mRNA水平和组织病理学变化的人类皮肤活检蜱叮咬（n=37）相比，未受影响的皮肤（n=9）。早期蜱叮咬皮肤病变（蜱附着<24 h）的特征为巨噬细胞和树突状细胞占优势，巨噬细胞化学引诱物（CCL 2、CCL 3、CCL 4）和中性粒细胞化学引诱物（CXCL 1、CXCL 8）、促炎细胞因子IL-1β和抗炎细胞因子IL-5的mRNA水平升高。相反，淋巴细胞数量和淋巴细胞标志物的mRNA水平（CD 4、CD 8、CD 19），淋巴细胞趋化因子（CXCL 9、CXCL 10、CXCL 11、CXCL 13、CCL 1、CCL 22）、树突状细胞趋化因子（CCL 20）和其他促分化因子（pro-IL-6、IL-12 p40、IFN-γ、TNFα和抗炎细胞因子（IL-4、IL-10、TGFβ）与正常皮肤无差异。随着蜱附着时间的延长（>24 h），先天免疫细胞和介质的数量（不显著）下降，而淋巴细胞的数量（不显著）增加。自然蜱叮咬的硬蜱ricinus蜱最初引起强烈的局部先天性免疫反应，在人类皮肤。蜱虫附着24小时后，这种反应通常会减弱，这可能是由于蜱虫唾液的免疫调节作用。
Little is known about the immunomodulation by tick saliva during a natural tick bite in human skin, the site of the tick-host interaction. We examined the expression of chemokines, cytokines, and leukocyte markers on the mRNA levels and histopathologic changes in human skin biopsies of tick bites (n=37) compared to unaffected skin (n=9). Early tick bite skin lesions (<24 h of tick attachment) were characterized by a predominance of macrophages and dendritic cells, elevated mRNA levels of macrophage chemoattractants (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) and neutrophil chemoattractants (CXCL1, CXCL8), of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-5. In contrast, the numbers of lymphocytes and mRNA levels of lymphocyte cell markers (CD4, CD8, CD19), lymphocyte chemoattractants (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, CCL1, CCL22), dendritic cell chemoattractants (CCL20), and of other pro- (IL-6, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ) did not differ from normal skin. With longer tick attachment (>24 h), the numbers of innate immune cells and mediators (not significantly) declined, whereas the numbers of lymphocytes (not significantly) increased. Natural tick bites by Ixodes ricinus ticks initially elicit a strong local innate immune response in human skin. Beyond 24h of tick attachment, this response usually becomes less, perhaps because of immunomodulation by tick saliva.