Effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan, chitosan or raffinose on the growth, innate immunity and resistance of koi (Cyprinus carpio koi)
Effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan, chitosan or raffinose on the growth, innate immunity and resistance of koi (Cyprinus carpio koi)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2011.07.013
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Luo, Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lin, Shimei;Pan, Yu;Luo, Li
本研究旨在确定三种免疫调节剂，即 β-1,3 葡聚糖、壳聚糖和棉子糖对锦鲤先天免疫反应的功效。将锦鲤分为4组，每组饲喂添加或不添加免疫刺激剂的饲料，持续56天。喂养 7、14、21 和 56 天后，测定白细胞总数 (WBC)、非特异性体液反应（溶菌酶、替代补体途径和超氧化物歧化酶）和细胞反应（吞噬能力和呼吸爆发活性），并与对照（无补充剂）进行比较。 8周喂养试验的结果表明，补充β-1,3葡聚糖可显着促进锦鲤生长，而其他免疫刺激剂则不然。不同补充剂之间的反应水平存在明显差异。与壳聚糖或棉子糖相比，实验期间葡聚糖能够将锦鲤的免疫力维持在较高水平。然而，在饮食中持续添加β-1,3葡聚糖、壳聚糖或棉子糖会导致锦鲤的免疫疲劳。在四个不同时期内，三种补充剂中的任何一种都没有观察到替代补体途径 (ACP) 活性的显着变化。饲喂14天后，饲喂壳聚糖或棉子糖的锦鲤的白细胞总数（WBC）、呼吸爆发活性和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性持续保持相对不变，随后在第56天下降，但SOD没有变化。同时，溶菌酶活性在第7天不再显着升高，吞噬能力在第14天不再显着升高。 56 天后，当受到维罗尼气单胞菌攻击时，与对照组相比，这三个免疫刺激剂组的累积症状发生率也有所下降。这些结果表明，膳食中摄入含有免疫增强剂的食物可以增强锦鲤的免疫反应，提高其对维氏锦鲤感染的抵抗力。特别是给锦鲤补充β-1,3葡聚糖56天后，锦鲤的生长、存活和免疫反应得到了显着改善。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
This study was performed to determine the efficacy of three immunomodulators viz., beta-1,3 glucan, chitosan and raffinose on the innate immune response of koi, Cyprinus carpio koi. Kois were divided into 4 groups and each group was fed with diets supplemented with or without immunostimulant for 56 days. Total leukocyte counts (WBC), the non-specific humoral (lysozyme, alternative complement pathway and superoxide dismutase) and cellular (phagocytic capacity and respiratory burst activity) responses were determined and compared with controls (no supplement) after 7, 14, 21 and 56 days of feeding. The results of 8 weeks feeding trial showed that beta-1,3 glucan supplementation significantly enhanced koi growth, whereas other immunostimulants did not. Variation in the levels of responses was evident among different supplements. Compared with chitosan or raffinose, glucan could maintain the immunity of kois at a higher level during the experimental period. However, continuously applying beta-1,3 glucan, chitosan or raffinose into the diet caused immunity fatigue in koi. No significant change in alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity was observed for any of the three supplements over the four different periods. After feeding for 14 days, the total leukocyte count (WBC), respiratory burst activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the kois fed with chitosan or raffinose continuously remained relatively unchanged, subsequently decreased on the 56th day, but SOD did not. Meanwhile, lysozyme activity was no longer significantly higher on the 7th day, and for phagocytic capacity on the 14th day. After 56 days, these three immunostimulants groups also exhibited a decrease in the cumulative symptom rates compared to the controls when challenged with Aeromonas veronii. These results indicated that dietary intake containing immunostimulants could enhance the immune responses of koi and improve its resistance to infection by A. veronii. Especially supplementation with beta-1,3 glucan to the kois for 56 days showed considerable improvement in the growth, survival and immune response of the kois. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.