Enhanced Removal of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in the Root Canal Using Sodium Hypochlorite Plus Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming: An In Vitro Study
Enhanced Removal of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in the Root Canal Using Sodium Hypochlorite Plus Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming: An In Vitro Study
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DOI：
10.1089/pho.2014.3714
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Huang, George T. -J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al Shahrani, Mohammed;DiVito, Enrico;Huang, George T. -J.
目的：研究利用Er:YAG激光能量进行光子诱导光声流（PIPS）激光激活灌洗对体外重度定植根管系统的净化效果。材料与方法：将拔出的人单根牙齿（n = 60）进行机械和化学制备，消毒后接种粪肠球菌3周，随机分为4组（n = 15）： I组（对照组，未消毒）、II组（PIPS + 6% NaOCl）、III组（PIPS +生理盐水）、IV组（6% NaOCl）。PIPS设置均预设为50 μ s脉冲，20 mJ, 15 Hz，平均功率为0.3 W。净化后，收集所有标本中剩余的活菌，并通过菌落形成单位（cfu）的平板计数回收。随机根管表面扫描电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜检查。采用均数方差和Dunnett’st检验（事后检验）比较三组与对照组的平均得分。结果：CFU分析显示如下测量值（平均+/- SE）： I组（对照组），336.8 +/- 1.8；II组（PIPS + NaOCl）， 0.27 +/- 0.21；III组（PIPS +生理盐水），225.0 +/- 21；ⅳ组（NaOCl）， 46.9±20.29。ⅱ组cfu显著低于其他各组（p < 0.05）。两种成像分析都证实了被检查的根表面上残留的细菌水平。结论：PIPS系统联合NaOCl对细菌生物膜的清除效果最好。利用PIPS进行激光激活灌洗（LAI）可以增强根管系统的消毒。
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of laser-activated irrigation by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) using Er:YAG laser energy in decontaminating heavily colonized root canal systems in vitro. Materials and methods: Extracted single-rooted human teeth (n = 60) were mechanically and chemically prepared, sterilized, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks, and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15): Group I (control, no decontamination), Group II (PIPS + 6% NaOCl), Group III (PIPS + saline), and Group IV (6% NaOCl). PIPS settings were all preset to 50 mu sec pulse, 20 mJ, 15 Hz, for an average power of 0.3 W. After decontamination, the remaining live microbes from all specimens were collected and recovered via plate counting of the colony-forming units (CFUs). Randomized root canal surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser microscopy. Mean variance and Dunnett's t test (post-hoc test) comparisons were used to compare mean scores for the three groups with the control group. Results: The CFU analysis showed the following measurements (mean +/- SE): Group I (control), 336.8 +/- 1.8; Group II (PIPS + NaOCl), 0.27 +/- 0.21; Group III (PIPS + saline), 225.0 +/- 21; and Group IV (NaOCl), 46.9 +/- 20.29. Group II had significantly lower CFUs than any other groups (p < 0.05). Both imaging analyses confirmed levels of remaining bacteria on examined root surfaces. Conclusions: The use of the PIPS system along with NaOCl showed the most efficient eradication of the bacterial biofilm. It appears that laser-activated irrigation (LAI) utilizing PIPS may enhance the disinfection of the root canal system.