The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the "First 1000 Days".
The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the "First 1000 Days".
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.013
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Georgieff MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cusick SE;Georgieff MK
每个孩子都有权获得最佳的认知、社交和情感行为发展。大脑的认知、社交和情感部分在整个生命周期中不断发展。然而，随着时间的推移，大脑的生长和发育轨迹是不同的。大脑的大部分最终结构和能力都是在3岁之前形成的。对这一特别敏感时期的确定和界定，使公共政策在促进大脑健康发育方面采取的方法更加明确。其后果是巨大的，因为未能在生命早期优化大脑发育似乎会对教育、工作潜力和成年后的心理健康产生长期影响。这些长期后果是早期生活逆境的“社会最终代价”。在影响早期大脑发育的因素中，有三个因素具有特别深远的影响：减少有毒压力和炎症，提供强有力的社会支持和安全的依恋，以及提供最佳营养。本文首先描述了胎儿晚期和产后早期大脑发育的重要特征，讨论了营养物质在这一时期调节大脑发育的基本原理，并提出了人类和临床前证据，强调了生命早期几种关键营养物质的充足性对确保最佳大脑发育的重要性。
Every child has a right to optimal cognitive, social, and emotional behavioral development. The cognitive, social, and emotional parts of the brain continue to develop across the lifespan. However, the brain’s growth and development trajectory is heterogeneous across time. A great deal of the brain’s ultimate structure and capacity is shaped early in life before the age of 3 years1. The identification and definition of this particularly sensitive time period has sharpened the approach that public policies are taking related to promoting healthy brain development. The ramifications are large because failure to optimize brain development early in life appears to have long-term consequences with respect to education, job potential, and adult mental health2. These long-term consequences are the “ultimate cost to society” of early life adversity.Among the factors that influence early brain development, three stand out has having particularly profound effects: reduction of toxic stress and inflammation, presence of strong social support and secure attachment, and provision of optimal nutrition3. This article focuses on the latter by first describing the important features of brain development in late fetal and early postnatal life, discussing basic principles by which nutrients regulate brain development during that time period, and presenting the human and pre-clinical evidence that underscores the importance of sufficiency of several key nutrients early in life in ensuring optimal brain development.