Declines and Resilience of Communities of Leaf Chewing Insects on Missouri Oaks Following Spring Frost and Summer Drought
Declines and Resilience of Communities of Leaf Chewing Insects on Missouri Oaks Following Spring Frost and Summer Drought
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春季霜冻和夏季干旱后密苏里州橡树上咀嚼叶昆虫群落的衰退和恢复力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
J. Whitfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Marquis;J. Lill;Rebecca E. Forkner;J. Le corff;John M. Landosky;J. Whitfield
极端天气事件极大地影响了个别昆虫物种的数量，但这种事件对整个昆虫群落的后果没有很好的记录。我们提出的证据表明，晚春霜冻和夏季干旱对密苏里州橡树(Quercus Alba和Q.velutina)上发现的昆虫群落产生了负面影响，根据橡树种类、昆虫大小、取食行会以及特定的天气事件，昆虫群落减少了23-186倍。春季动物群在春季霜冻后需要三年或更长时间才能达到事件前的水平，而夏季动物群更具弹性，在1-2年内反弹。然而，夏季干旱对打叶毛虫的影响持续时间比春季霜冻更长；5年后，打叶毛虫的数量才达到干旱前的水平。在干旱后，较小的叶系鳞翅目昆虫比较大的鳞翅目昆虫需要更长的时间才能恢复。总体而言，在对密苏里州东南部橡树上的动物群进行了20年的研究期间，我们没有发现数量普遍下降的证据，即使是轻微的下降。然而，这里报道的干旱影响可能会随着时间的推移而增加，因为美国中西部的气候预计只会在夏季变得更温暖和更干燥。同样，随着预测的春季提前到来，预计晚季霜冻对树木造成损害的风险将会增加。了解这种天气事件对昆虫群落的影响，影响我们预测栖息地和景观管理或缺乏将如何影响昆虫丰度和多样性的未来模式的能力。
Extreme weather events dramatically impact populations of individual insect species but the consequences of such events for entire insect communities are not well documented. We present evidence that late spring frosts and summer drought negatively affect the community of insects found on Missouri oaks (Quercus alba and Q. velutina), amounting to a 23-186 fold decrease depending on the oak species, insect size and feeding guild, and the specific weather event. Spring faunas required three years or more following spring frosts to reach pre-event levels, whereas summer faunas were more resilient, rebounding within 1-2 years. The impact of summer drought on leaf tying caterpillars, however, lasted longer than that of the spring frost; it was five years before numbers of leaf ties reached pre-drought levels. Smaller species of leaf tying Lepidoptera took longer to recover than larger species following the drought. Overall, we found no evidence for a general decline in abundance, even a modest one, during the 20 years of study of faunas on oak trees in southeastern Missouri. However, the effects of drought reported here are likely to increase with time as the climate in the Midwest U.S. is only expected to become warmer and drier during the summer months. Similarly, the risk of late season frost damage to trees is expected to increase with predicted earlier onset of spring. Understanding the impact of such weather events on insect communities influences our ability to predict how habitat and landscape management, or lack thereof, will influence future patterns of insect abundance and diversity.