Risk taking in adolescence - What changes, and why?
Risk taking in adolescence - What changes, and why?
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1308.005
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steinberg, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinberg, L
现有的研究表明，在与风险承担和决策有关的认知过程（如风险认知和风险评估）中，年龄差异不大，这可能解释为什么青少年比成年人更愿意承担风险。目前的分析表明，青少年更倾向于冒险，是不是由于年龄差异的风险认知或评估，但在影响自我调节的心理社会因素的年龄差异。有人认为，青春期是一个高度脆弱的风险承担，因为新奇和感觉寻求之间的脱节（两者都在青春期急剧增加）和自我调节能力的发展（这并没有完全成熟，直到成年早期）。这种脱节是生物驱动的，规范的，不太可能通过旨在改变青少年对风险的看法，评价或理解的教育干预措施来纠正。干预应该开始的前提是，青少年天生比成年人更容易冒险，并应侧重于减少与冒险行为相关的伤害。
Extant studies of age differences in cognitive processes relevant to risk taking and decision making, such as risk perception and risk appraisal, indicate few significant age differences in factors that might explain why adolescents engage in more risk taking than adults. The present analysis suggests that the greater propensity of adolescents to take risks is not due to age differences in risk perception or appraisal, but to age differences in psychosocial factors that influence self-regulation. It is argued that adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to risk taking because of a disjunction between novelty and sensation seeking (both of which increase dramatically at puberty) and the development of self-regulatory competence (which does not fully mature until early adulthood). This disjunction is biologically driven, normative, and unlikely to be remedied through educational interventions designed to change adolescents' perception, appraisal, or understanding of risk. Interventions should begin from the premise that adolescents are inherently more likely than adults to take risks, and should focus on reducing the harm associated with risk-taking behavior.