Medical marijuana laws and driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol
Medical marijuana laws and driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol
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DOI：
10.1111/add.15031
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发表时间：
2020-03-26
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Hasin, Deborah S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fink, David S.;Stohl, Malki;Hasin, Deborah S.
美国颁布的医用大麻法（MML）与大麻使用增加有关，但交通死亡率较低。我们评估了MML与大麻影响下（DUIC）和酒精影响下（DUIA）个人水平驾驶之间的可能关联。设计和设置三项美国成人横断面调查：全国纵向酒精流行病学调查（NLAES; 1991-1992年），全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查（NESARC; 2001-2002年）和NESARC-III参加者总数为118 497人：NLAES、NESARC和NESAR-III分别为41764、41184和35549。酒精使用障碍和相关残疾访谈时间表中的类似问题评估了DUIC和DUIA。Ever-MML州在1991-1992年和2012-2013年（整个时期）之间颁布了MML。早期的MML州在1991-1992年和2001-2002年（早期）颁布了MML。晚期MML州在2001-2002年和2012-2013年（晚期）之间颁布了MML。MML对DUIC和DUIA患病率变化的影响使用差异中的差异规范进行估计，以比较MML和其他状态的变化。（从1.02%到1.92%），颁布MML的州比其他州增加更多（差异中差异[DiD] = 0.59%; 95% CI = 0.06%-1.12%）。DUIC患病率的大部分变化发生在2001-2002年和2012-2013年之间。DUIC患病率在2001-2002年至2012-2013年颁布MML的州比从未颁布MML的州增加更多（DiD = 0.77%; 95% CI = -0.05%-1.59%），在两个早期MML州，加州（DiD = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.06-1.59）和科罗拉多（DiD = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.11-2.53）。相比之下，DUIA患病率似乎无关MML enactment.Conclusions医用大麻法颁布在美国各州似乎已与大麻的影响下驾驶的患病率增加，但不是酒精。
Aims Medical marijuana law (MML) enactment in the United States has been associated with increased cannabis use but lower traffic fatality rates. We assessed the possible association of MML and individual-level driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and also under the influence of alcohol (DUIA).Design and setting Three cross-sectional U.S. adult surveys: The National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES; 1991-1992), the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; 2001-2002), and the NESARC-III (2012-2013).Participants The total n was 118 497: 41 764, 41 184, and 35 549 from NLAES, NESARC, and NESARC-III, respectively.Measurements Across the three surveys, similar questions in the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule assessed DUIC and DUIA. Ever-MML states enacted MML between 1991-1992 and 2012-2013 (overall period). Early-MML states enacted MML between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002 (early period). Late-MML states enacted MML between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013 (late period). MML effects on change in DUIC and DUIA prevalence were estimated using a difference-in-differences specification to compare changes in MML and other states.Findings From 1991-1992 to 2012-2013, DUIC prevalence nearly doubled (from 1.02% to 1.92%), increasing more in states that enacted MML than other states (difference-in-differences [DiD] = 0.59%; 95% CI = 0.06%-1.12%). Most change in DUIC prevalence occurred between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. DUIC prevalence increased more in states that enacted MML 2001-2002 to 2012-2013 than in never-MML states (DiD = 0.77%; 95% CI = -0.05%-1.59%), and in two early-MML states, California (DiD = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.06-1.59) and Colorado (DiD = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.11-2.53). In contrast, DUIA prevalence appeared unrelated to MML enactment.Conclusions Medical marijuana law enactment in US states appears to have been associated with increased prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis, but not alcohol.