Fasting and cognition in well- and undernourished schoolchildren: a review of three experimental studies
Fasting and cognition in well- and undernourished schoolchildren: a review of three experimental studies
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/67.4.779s
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Jacoby, ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pollitt, E;Cueto, S;Jacoby, ER
本文回顾了9-11岁儿童夜间禁食和早晨禁食对注意和记忆过程影响的三个实验。其中两个实验的对象是美国中产阶级、营养良好的男孩和女孩；第三个研究对象是来自秘鲁瓦拉斯低收入家庭的男孩，他们有或没有营养风险。所有实验均采用相同的交叉设计，并遵循相似的实验程序来控制受试者在研究期间的摄入量和运动活动。这些孩子在两个不同的晚上被送入一个研究中心，大约相隔7天。到达后，孩子们吃晚饭，玩桌上游戏或看电视，然后上床睡觉。他们在7点30分被唤醒，按照设计，要么吃早餐（大约2301千焦），要么不吃。11点，他们接受了心理测试，评估工作记忆的回忆和辨别视觉刺激的能力。12点，孩子们出院了。夜间和早晨禁食的后果，尤其是在营养不良的儿童中，包括刺激识别变慢，错误增加，记忆回忆变慢。我们认为这些变化是代谢应激状态的结果，在这种状态下，体内平衡机制可以维持循环葡萄糖浓度。
This paper reviews three experiments on the effects of an overnight and morning fast on attention and memory processes among 9-11-y-old children. Two of the experiments focused on middle-class, well-nourished boys and girls in the United States; the third involved boys from low-income families with and without nutritional risk in Huaraz, Peru. All experiments used the same crossover design and followed similar experimental procedures to control the subjects' intakes and motor activity during the study period. The children were admitted to a research center on two different evenings, approximate to 7 d apart. After arrival the children ate dinner, played table games or watched television, and went to bed. They were awakened at 0730 and, by design, were either served breakfast (approximate to 2301 kJ) or not. At 1100 they took psychologic tests that assessed recall from working memory and competence in discriminating visual stimuli. At 1200 the children were discharged. The consequences of the overnight and morning fast, particularly among the children who were nutritionally at risk, included slower stimulus discrimination, increased errors, and slower memory recall. We propose that these alterations result from a state of metabolic stress in which homeostatic mechanisms work to maintain circulating glucose concentrations.