Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Photochromic Molecules and Materials
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Photochromic Molecules and Materials
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DOI：
10.1002/chin.200029276
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发表时间：
2000-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Delaire;K. Nakatani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Delaire;K. Nakatani
将光致变色分子转化为有机或有机-无机杂化材料导致光响应系统，其性质可以通过光来操纵。光致变色1，2通常被定义为吸收光谱显著不同的两个分子态之间的可逆光致转变。除了这种颜色的变化，这是光致变色的最壮观的证据，许多分子和整体性质也改变沿着这种转变，其中一部分是在这个特殊的问题处理化学评论。例如，在分子水平上，金属离子捕获3和能量或电子转移4，5的切换可以作为光致变色反应的结果而发生。至于散装性能，光刺激的粘度变化，甚至相分离的聚合物溶液中观察到负载与光致变色剂; 6，7更有趣的是，光刺激的构象变化的聚合物链在溶液中可以诱导宏观变化的形状和大小的聚合物和固体。7本文综述了光致变色分子和材料的光学性质和应用，但不包括紫外-可见吸收的变化，而是与之相关的。在过去的10年里，出现了许多新的光学现象，促使我们写这篇综述，涵盖了这10年的时间。其中，利用有序效应的固体系统中的线性吸光度和折射率变化，8并导致光致双折射和二向色性，主要在偶氮聚合物中研究。[9]最近，在同一种偶氮聚合物中已经画出了稳定的浮雕表面光栅。10，11大量的潜在应用，如可逆的光学数据存储，衍射和全息术，刺激了大量的实验和理论工作，开始扩展到不同的光致变色系统的使用。我们将调查这些应用在线性光学。然后，讨论了光致变色材料的非线性光学性质及其应用。在过去的15年中，非线性光学材料的非凡增长和发展使光子技术成为我们日常生活中，计算机网络和电信系统中使用的许多组件的重要组成部分。12，13在最近开发的达到最佳品质因数的所有无机和有机材料中，光致变色分子起着突出的作用。首先，它们中的一些具有大的分子超极化率（第一和第二）。二、光致变色之间的耦合
Incorporating photochromic molecules into organic or hybrid organic-inorganic materials leads to photoresponsive systems, the properties of which can be manipulated by light. Photochromism1, 2 is usually defined as the reversible photoinduced transformation between two molecular states whose absorption spectra are significantly different. Besides this color change, which is the most spectacular evidence of photochromism, many molecular and bulk properties also change along with this transformation, and part of them are dealt with in this special issue of Chemical Reviews. For example, at a molecular level, switching of metal ion capture3 and energy or electron transfer4, 5 can occur as a consequence of a photochromic reaction. As concerns bulk properties, photostimulated viscosity changes or even phase separation is observed in polymeric solutions loaded with photochromes; 6, 7 more interesting, photostimulated conformational changes of polymer chains in solutions can induce macroscopic changes in the shape and size of polymers and solids. 7 This review concentrates on optical properties and applications of photochromic molecules and materials, other than the UV-vis absorption change, but connected with it. During the last 10 years, a lot of new optical phenomena emerged and motivated us to write this review, which covers this 10 year period. Among them, are linear absorbance and refractive index changes in solid systems exploiting ordering effects, 8 and leading to photoinduced birefringence and dichroism, mainly studied in azo polymers. 9 More recently, stable relief surface gratings have been drawn in the same kind of azo polymers. 10, 11 The large number of potential applications as reversible optical data storage, diffraction, and holography has stimulated a great deal of experimental and theoretical work, which starts to extend to the use of different photochromic systems. We will survey these applications in linear optics. Then, the domain of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and applications of photochromes will be dealt with. The extraordinary growth and development of nonlinear optical materials during the past 15 years has rendered photonic technologies an essential part of many components used in our daily life, in computer networks and telecommunication systems. 12, 13 Among all the inorganic and organic materials which have been developed recently to reach the best figures of merit, photochromic molecules play a prominent role. First, some of them have large molecular hyperpolarizabilities (first and second). Second, the coupling between photochromism