Intense selective hunting leads to artificial evolution in horn size.
Intense selective hunting leads to artificial evolution in horn size.
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.12358
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Pelletier F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pigeon G;Festa-Bianchet M;Coltman DW;Pelletier F
选择性收获诱导快速进化变化的潜力是保护和进化生物学的一个重要问题，具有许多生物学、社会和经济意义。我们分析了39年的大角羊（Ovis canadensis）的角大小表型数据，这些数据受到23年的激烈狩猎，之后几乎停止了收获。我们的分析显示，公羊角长度的遗传价值显著下降，这与人工选择对该性状的进化反应一致。观察到的雄角长度变化仅仅是由于漂移造成的概率为9.9%。与选择性状遗传相关的雌角长和雄角基部呈弱下降趋势。雌性角底围的遗传价值没有时间趋势，这一性状不是选择性狩猎的直接目标，与雄性角长也没有遗传相关性。当狩猎压力急剧减少时，雄性角长遗传价值的下降停止了，但没有逆转。我们的分析为选择性狩猎通过进化变化导致角长度减少的论点提供了支持。它还证实，在人工选择停止后，通过自然选择恢复是缓慢的。
The potential for selective harvests to induce rapid evolutionary change is an important question for conservation and evolutionary biology, with numerous biological, social and economic implications. We analyze 39 years of phenotypic data on horn size in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) subject to intense trophy hunting for 23 years, after which harvests nearly ceased. Our analyses revealed a significant decline in genetic value for horn length of rams, consistent with an evolutionary response to artificial selection on this trait. The probability that the observed change in male horn length was due solely to drift is 9.9%. Female horn length and male horn base, traits genetically correlated to the trait under selection, showed weak declining trends. There was no temporal trend in genetic value for female horn base circumference, a trait not directly targeted by selective hunting and not genetically correlated with male horn length. The decline in genetic value for male horn length stopped, but was not reversed, when hunting pressure was drastically reduced. Our analysis provides support for the contention that selective hunting led to a reduction in horn length through evolutionary change. It also confirms that after artificial selection stops, recovery through natural selection is slow.