Constrained Source Apportionment of Coarse Particulate Matter and Selected Trace Elements in Three Cities from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
Constrained Source Apportionment of Coarse Particulate Matter and Selected Trace Elements in Three Cities from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.031
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发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Larson TV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sturtz TM;Adar SD;Gould T;Larson TV
在2010年的两个不同的季节，在温斯顿-塞勒姆，芝加哥和圣保罗在每个城市多达60个站点测量PM10-2.5质量和微量元素浓度。正矩阵分解（PMF）用于探索变异性的潜在来源。先前报道的PM10-2.5轮胎和制动器磨损情况的信息被用来限制这些功能在PMF的事先规格的选定物种的比例。我们还修改了PMF，以便将所有三个城市的测量结果合并到一个模型中，同时保留城市特定的土壤特征。相对较小的差异，观察模型预测与不事先比率的限制，增加信心，我们的能力，以确定单独的制动器磨损和轮胎磨损的功能。刹车磨损，轮胎磨损，施肥的土壤，再悬浮的土壤被发现是铜，锌，磷和硅的重要来源，分别在所有三个城市地区。
PM10-2.5 mass and trace element concentrations were measured in Winston-Salem, Chicago, and St. Paul at up to 60 sites per city during two different seasons in 2010. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to explore the underlying sources of variability. Information on previously reported PM10-2.5 tire and brake wear profiles was used to constrain these features in PMF by prior specification of selected species ratios. We also modified PMF to allow for combining the measurements from all three cities into a single model while preserving city-specific soil features. Relatively minor differences were observed between model predictions with and without the prior ratio constraints, increasing confidence in our ability to identify separate brake wear and tire wear features. Brake wear, tire wear, fertilized soil, and re-suspended soil were found to be important sources of copper, zinc, phosphorus, and silicon respectively across all three urban areas.