Quantum Simulators: Architectures and Opportunities
Quantum Simulators: Architectures and Opportunities
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DOI：
10.1103/prxquantum.2.017003
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发表时间：
2021-02-24
期刊：
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Zwierlein, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altman, Ehud;Brown, Kenneth R.;Zwierlein, Martin
量子模拟器是从专门的量子实验到通用量子计算机的量子器件领域中一项很有前途的技术。这些量子设备利用纠缠和多粒子行为来探索和解决困难的科学，工程和计算问题。过去二十年的快速发展已经产生了300多个量子模拟器，这些模拟器使用各种各样的实验平台在全球范围内运行。几种物理架构的最新进展预示着量子模拟器的黄金时代，从高度优化的专用模拟器到灵活的可编程设备。这些发展使基础物理学、计算机科学和设备工程的思想得以融合。它们具有解决社会重要性问题的强大潜力，从了解重要的化学过程，到设计具有增强性能的新材料，再到解决复杂的计算问题。正如国家科学基金会“可编程量子模拟器”研讨会的参与者所代表的那样，社区的立场是，投资国家量子模拟器计划是一个高度优先事项，以加速这一领域的进展，并导致量子机器的首次实际应用。这样的计划应该解决两个重点领域：（1）支持创建更广泛的科学界可用的量子模拟器原型，补充目前工业上的通用量子计算机工作;以及（2）支持由多研究者，多学科合作与量子模拟器软件，硬件，本文件是美国国家科学基金会于2019年9月16日至17日在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市举行的支持研讨会的摘要。与会者负责确定未来2-5年量子模拟器的科学和社区需求，机遇和重大挑战。
Quantum simulators are a promising technology on the spectrum of quantum devices from specialized quantum experiments to universal quantum computers. These quantum devices utilize entanglement and many-particle behavior to explore and solve hard scientific, engineering, and computational problems. Rapid development over the last two decades has produced more than 300 quantum simulators in operation worldwide using a wide variety of experimental platforms. Recent advances in several physical architectures promise a golden age of quantum simulators ranging from highly optimized special purpose simulators to flexible programmable devices. These developments have enabled a convergence of ideas drawn from fundamental physics, computer science, and device engineering. They have strong potential to address problems of societal importance, ranging from understanding vital chemical processes, to enabling the design of new materials with enhanced performance, to solving complex computational problems. It is the position of the community, as represented by participants of the National Science Foundation workshop on "Programmable Quantum Simulators," that investment in a national quantum simulator program is a high priority in order to accelerate the progress in this field and to result in the first practical applications of quantum machines. Such a program should address two areas of emphasis: (1) support for creating quantum simulator prototypes usable by the broader scientific community, complementary to the present universal quantum computer effort in industry; and (2) support for fundamental research carried out by a blend of multi-investigator, multidisciplinary collaborations with resources for quantum simulator software, hardware, and education.This document is a summary from a U.S. National Science Foundation supported workshop held on 16-17 September 2019 in Alexandria, VA. Attendees were charged to identify the scientific and community needs, opportunities, and significant challenges for quantum simulators over the next 2-5 years.