From island biogeography to landscape and metacommunity ecology: A macroecological perspective of bat communities
From island biogeography to landscape and metacommunity ecology: A macroecological perspective of bat communities
复制标题
从海岛生物地理学到景观和元群落生态：蝙蝠群落的宏观生态视角
DOI：
10.1111/nyas.14785
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
S. Presley;M. Willig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Presley;M. Willig
岛屿生物地理学的平衡理论及其对与岛屿面积和距源种群距离有关的起源和灭绝动态的定量考虑随着时间的推移不断发展，丰富了与空间生态学许多学科相关的理论。事实上，对岛屿的关注促进了 20 世纪末景观生态学和宏观生态学的出现。我们整合了岛屿生物地理学、景观生态学、宏观生态学和元群落生态学的概念和观点，并展示了这些学科如何促进对蝙蝠群落丰度、生物多样性和组成的变化的理解。我们利用对加勒比岛屿的蝙蝠动物群进行深入研究，来说明生态、生物地理和进化过程在塑造当地生物多样性和全系统结构方面的复杂相互作用。此后，我们强调了栖息地丧失和破碎化对当地蝙蝠群落和跨景观区域元群落的结构的影响，这种情况在人类世期间正在加速增加。蝙蝠物种的丰富度随着可用栖息地数量的增加而增加，通常沿着斑块或岛屿区域的梯度形成嵌套子集。同样，殖民源的距离和身份也会影响岛屿和景观网络的丰富性、组成和元群落结构。
The equilibrium theory of island biogeography and its quantitative consideration of origination and extinction dynamics as they relate to island area and distance from source populations have evolved over time and enriched theory related to many disciplines in spatial ecology. Indeed, the island focus was catalytic to the emergence of landscape ecology and macroecology in the late 20th century. We integrate concepts and perspectives of island biogeography, landscape ecology, macroecology, and metacommunity ecology, and show how these disciplines have advanced the understanding of variation in abundance, biodiversity, and composition of bat communities. We leverage the well‐studied bat fauna of the islands in the Caribbean to illustrate the complex interplay of ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary processes in molding local biodiversity and system‐wide structure. Thereafter, we highlight the role of habitat loss and fragmentation, which is increasing at an accelerating rate during the Anthropocene, on the structure of local bat communities and regional metacommunities across landscapes. Bat species richness increases with the amount of available habitat, often forming nested subsets along gradients of patch or island area. Similarly, the distance to and identity of sources of colonization influence the richness, composition, and metacommunity structure of islands and landscape networks.