Lithologic controls on morphology of pressure-dissolution surfaces (stylolites and dissolution seams) in Paleozoic carbonate rocks from the mideastern United States
Lithologic controls on morphology of pressure-dissolution surfaces (stylolites and dissolution seams) in Paleozoic carbonate rocks from the mideastern United States
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美国中东部古生代碳酸盐岩压力溶蚀面（缝合线和溶蚀缝）形态的岩性控制
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发表时间：
1993
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通讯作者：
L. B. Railsback
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作者：
L. B. Railsback
对美国中部碳酸盐岩压力溶解表面（柱面岩和溶解缝）的研究表明，这些表面的形态随岩石结构而变化。人们可以使用四个参数来量化这些压力溶解表面的形态：定义表面的不溶性残留物的厚度T，垂直偏移之间表面的不规则幅度I，表面的垂直偏移幅度O，以及沿表面的垂直偏移频率F。I和O随时间的增加而增加，反映了茎柱的逐渐发育，而F与1/T成正比，这显然是由于茎柱的物理强度抑制了偏移的形成。从泥岩到颗粒岩，溶蚀层的F、O、T均值大于泥岩和微晶岩，溶蚀层的丰度相对于柱面岩的丰度呈递减趋势。这些关系表明，压力溶解表面形成大型柱体的发育取决于石灰岩结构的非均质性。颗粒岩中T和O的最大值与水泥丰度有关。T和O在富含颗粒、缺乏水泥的颗粒岩中含量较低，尽管颗粒是柱体柱的先导或穿透元素。溶蚀缝（O和F接近于零的表面）只存在于含有细粒白云岩的岩石中。煤层T、I随白云岩丰度的增加而减小，且T、O在白云岩中比在灰岩中低。综上所述，这些关系表明，极端丰富的抗压成分，如碳酸盐颗粒和白云岩，抑制了压力溶解表面的发育。相比之下，在碳酸盐岩中，柱化岩最为广泛地发育（即，I、T、O和F最大），这些抗压元素与抗压性较差的成分（如水泥和碳酸盐泥浆）混合在一起。后一种岩石，包括包岩、胶结良好的颗粒岩和微白云质灰岩，可能通过压力溶解优先从地层记录中移除。
ABSTRACT Examination of pressure-dissolution surfaces (stylolites and dissolution seams) in carbonate rocks from the mideastern U.S. demonstrates that the morphology of these surfaces varies with rock fabric. One can quantify the morphology of these pressure-dissolution surfaces using four parameters: thickness T of the insoluble residue defining the surface, amplitude of irregularity I of the surface between vertical offsets, amplitude of vertical offsets O of the surface, and frequency F of vertical offsets along the surface. I and O increase with T, reflecting progressive development of stylolites, whereas F is proportional to 1/T, apparently because the physical strength of a stylolite inhibits the formation of offsets. Mean values of F, O, and T are greater in grainstones and packstones than in mudstones and wackestones, and the abundance of dissolution seams relative to that of stylolites decreases through the lithologic spectrum from mudstones to grainstones. These relationships suggest that development of pressure-dissolution surfaces to form large stylolites depends on the heterogeneity of the limestone fabric. Maximum values of T and O in grainstones correlate with cement abundance. T and O are low in grain-rich, cement-poor grainstones, even though grains are favored as leading or penetrating elements of stylolite columns. Dissolution seams (surfaces with O and F near zero) are found only in rocks containing fine-grained dolomite. T and I of those seams decrease with increasing dolomite abundance in dolomitic limestones, and T and O are lower in dolostones than in limestones. Taken together, these relationships suggest that extreme abundance of pressure-resistant components, such as carbonate grains and dolomite, inhibit development of pressure-dissolution surfaces. In contrast, stylolites are most extensively developed (i.e., I>T, O, and F are greatest) in carbonate rocks in which these pressure-resistant elements are mixed with less resistant components, such as cement and carbonate mud. The latter rocks, which include packstones, well cemented grainstones, and slightly dolomitic limestones, may undergo preferential removal from the stratigraphic record by pressure dissolution.