Social influences on the motivation to quit smoking: Main and moderating effects of social norms
Social influences on the motivation to quit smoking: Main and moderating effects of social norms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.11.001
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Spies, Claudia D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dohnke, Birte;Weiss-Gerlach, Edith;Spies, Claudia D.
本研究通过调查不同类型的社会规范之间的不一致性及其对戒烟意愿的主要影响和调节作用，扩展了以往关于戒烟社会影响的研究。计划行为理论（TPB）作为理论框架。通过主观戒烟规范（重要他人的期望，一个人应该戒烟），描述性戒烟规范（重要他人的戒烟行为），和描述性吸烟规范（合作伙伴的吸烟）的社会影响。由于以前曾报告过性别差异，因此也分析了性别方面的规范效应。共有168名有伴侣的吸烟者（47%为男性，平均年龄M = 34，SD = 16）完成了TPB变量（包括主观戒烟规范），描述性戒烟规范，描述性吸烟规范和吸烟行为的测量。主观和描述性戒烟规范更不一致的女性比男性。描述性戒烟规范提高了5%的TPB预测的意图。一个三向互动占额外的3%的方差，并揭示了主观和描述性戒烟规范相互作用，在他们的预测和性别调节这种效果：主观戒烟规范呈正相关，戒烟意向只有在妇女具有较强的描述性戒烟规范。所有分析均控制每日吸烟数量。这些研究结果证实，区分主观规范和描述性规范是很重要的，而且这些规范在如何激励女性和男性戒烟方面存在差异。一致的退出规范，如退出的重要他人结合他们的期望，一个应该退出似乎不太常见，但更重要的是在妇女形成相应的意图。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The present study extends the previous research on the social influences on quitting by investigating inconsistencies between different types of social norms and their main and moderating effects on quitting intentions. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) served as the theoretical framework. Social influences were operationalised by subjective quitting norm (significant others' expectations that one should quit), descriptive quitting norm (significant others' quitting behaviour), and descriptive smoking norm (partner's smoking). Because gender differences had previously been reported, norm effects were also analysed with respect to gender. A total of 168 smokers who had a partner (47% men, mean age M = 34, SD = 16) completed measures of TPB variables (including subjective quitting norm), descriptive quitting norm, descriptive smoking norm, and smoking behaviour. Subjective and descriptive quitting norms were more inconsistent in women than in men. The descriptive quitting norm enhanced the TPB prediction of intention by 5%. A three-way interaction accounted for an additional 3% of the variance and revealed both that subjective and descriptive quitting norms interacted in their prediction and that gender moderated this effect: the subjective quitting norm correlated positively to quitting intention only in women with a strong descriptive quitting norm. All analyses were controlled for number of cigarettes per day. These findings confirmed that it is important to distinguish subjective and descriptive norms and that differences exist in how these norms motivate women and men to quit smoking. Consistent quitting norms such as quitting of significant others in combination with their expectations that one should quit appear to be less common but more important in women to form a corresponding intention. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.