Abe Iso and New Zealand as a model for a ‘new’ Japan
Abe Iso and New Zealand as a model for a ‘new’ Japan
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安倍矶和新西兰作为“新”日本的典范
DOI：
10.1080/0955580042000257882
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
M. Gavin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Gavin
：随着资本主义的兴起，“劳工问题”成为日本知识分子面临的一个严重问题。尽管国民经济在十九世纪之交迅速扩张，但日本的劳动力仍然严重依赖“农民”，1873年土地税的修订使农民的状况更加恶化。政府的富国强兵政策以财阀（工商业巨头与政府合作）的形式使资本家受益，但使大多数人陷入贫困。这扩大了富人和穷人之间的差距。随着富余农民涌入城市，在恶劣的环境中工作，工资微薄，许多知识分子开始担心他们的福祉。他们的动机是出于各种考虑，包括人道主义和基督教信仰。一些人接受社会主义思想并认识到改革的必要性。安倍矶（1865-1949）被称为日本早期社会主义之父，是关注普遍贫困及其对社会影响的人士之一。东京专门学校（现早稻田大学）教授，明治时代（1868-1912）第二代重要知识分子之一。在接受社会主义思想的形成阶段，他将新西兰视为典范，其缓解社会困难的政策为日本提供了理想的典范。这项研究检验了他的信念，即新西兰可以为“新”日本提供很多东西。
:With the rise of capitalism, the‘labour problem’became a serious issue for intellectuals in Japan. Although the national economy expanded rapidly at the turn of the nineteenth century, Japan's workforce was still heavily dependent on‘farmers’whose condition was only worsened by the land tax revision of 1873. The government policy offukoku kyōhei(‘enrich the country, strengthen the armed forces’) benefited capitalists in the form ofzaibatsu(business and industrial magnates collaborating with the government), but impoverished the majority. This had the effect of widening the gap between the affluent and the poor. As redundant farmers flowed into the cities and worked in a wretched environment for low wages, many intellectuals were concerned about their well-being. They were motivated by various considerations, including humanitarian and Christian beliefs. Some embraced socialist ideas and recognized the need for reform. Abe Isō(1865–1949), known as the father of early socialism in Japan, was one of those who became concerned about the prevailing poverty and its impact on society. A professor at the TōkyōSenmon Gakkō(the present Waseda University), he was one of the important intellectuals of the second generation of the Meiji era (1868–1912). At the formative stage of embracing socialist ideas, he came to see New Zealand as a paragon, a country whose policies on the relief of social hardship provided an ideal model for Japan. This study examines his belief that New Zealand had much to offer the‘new’Japan.