Obstructive sleep apnoea: clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment
Obstructive sleep apnoea: clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment
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DOI：
10.1093/ndt/gfn510
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Becker, Heinrich Friedrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuhlmann, Uwe;Bormann, Felix Georg;Becker, Heinrich Friedrich
人类一生中有三分之一的时间在睡觉。人们认识到睡眠不仅仅是一种以不清醒为特征的被动状态，而是一种具有典型结构的状态，该结构具有电生理学上的、可清楚区分的阶段，这些阶段根据健康受试者的特征模式彼此跟随。使用脑电图（EEG），眼电图（EOG）和肌电图（EMG），睡眠被分类为快速眼动（REM）睡眠或四个不同的非REM睡眠阶段之一。总的来说，一个人在深度睡眠和快速眼动睡眠中分别花费了总睡眠时间的20%-25%，而在轻度睡眠中花费了大约50%。50岁以后，深度睡眠和快速眼动睡眠的比例下降，而浅睡眠和夜间清醒的时间增加。在夜间，完成4-6个睡眠周期，持续70-90分钟，包括最初的浅睡眠期，然后是深度睡眠，最后是快速眼动睡眠。深度睡眠主要出现在睡眠的前几个小时，而快速眼动睡眠在后半夜会增加，通常伴随着做梦。
Humans spend one-third of their lifetime sleeping. It has only been∼ 50 years since it was recognized that sleep is not simply a passive state characterized by the absence of wakefulness, but rather a condition that has a typical structure with electrophysiologically, clearly distinguishable phases that follow one another according to a characteristic pattern in healthy subjects. Using electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG), sleep is classified as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or one of four different non-REM sleep stages. Altogether, one spends∼ 20–25% of the total sleep time in deep sleep and REM sleep, respectively, and∼ 50% in light sleep. After the age of 50, the percentage of deep and REM sleep decreases, whereas light sleep and periods of wakefulness during the night increases.During the night, 4–6 sleep cycles are completed lasting 70–90 min and consisting of an initial period of light sleep, followed by deep sleep and finally REM sleep. Whereas deep sleep is predominantly present during the first hours of sleep, there is an increase in REM sleep in the second half of the night, often accompanied by dreaming.