Unpredictable extreme cold events: a threat to range-shifting tropical reef fishes in temperate waters
Unpredictable extreme cold events: a threat to range-shifting tropical reef fishes in temperate waters
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DOI：
10.1007/s00227-019-3557-6
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Nakamura, Yohei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leriorato, Janice C.;Nakamura, Yohei
持续的海洋变暖导致各种热带海洋生物迅速向极地转移。然而，据报道，极端寒冷事件对珊瑚的影响更大，但没有报告详细说明这种寒冷事件如何影响温带沃茨的范围转移的热带珊瑚礁鱼类。本研究评估了底栖生物覆盖和组合结构的热带珊瑚礁鱼类（Pomacentridae，Chaetodontidae，Scaridae，Acanthuridae）的两个珊瑚礁，占主导地位的平板鹿角珊瑚，土佐湾（33度N，133度E），日本西南部。该研究在2年（2017-2018）的冬季和夏季进行，偶然涵盖了2018年初极端寒冷事件发生之前，期间和之后的时期。这一事件导致了大约两个月的极低海面温度（SST）< 15摄氏度，造成大规模漂白和超过90%的珊瑚死亡。在2018年冬季，约80%的鱼类物种丰富度和> 80%的丰度下降，由于珊瑚的损失，2018年夏季的种群数量缓慢增加。极低的SST对非定居鱼类和繁殖鱼类种群产生了不利影响，而珊瑚的大量丧失严重影响了食珊瑚鱼类。这项研究表明了极端寒冷事件对温带沃茨热带礁鱼持续建立的潜在影响。因此，我们的研究强调了潜在的不稳定性温带沃茨作为一个避难所的范围转移的热带珊瑚礁鱼类，因为极端的气候事件预计将增加气候变化。这可能会损害热带温带珊瑚礁生态系统服务的效益（例如，当地旅游业和渔业）。
Persistent ocean warming has caused the rapid poleward shift of various tropical marine organisms. However, extreme cold events have been reported to have greater impacts on corals, yet no reports have elaborated how such cold events affect range-shifting tropical reef fishes in temperate waters. This study assessed benthic cover and assemblage structure of tropical reef fishes (Pomacentridae, Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, and Acanthuridae) on two reefs, dominated by tabulate Acropora corals, in Tosa Bay (33 degrees N, 133 degrees E), southwestern Japan. The study was conducted during winter and summer within 2 years (2017-2018), fortuitously covering periods before, during, and after the occurrence of an extreme cold event in early 2018. The event resulted in an approximately 2-month extremely low sea surface temperature (SST) of < 15 degrees C, causing massive bleaching and mortality of > 90% corals. About 80% of the fish species richness and > 80% of their abundance declined during the winter of 2018, with a slow increase in their populations during the summer of 2018 as a consequence of the coral loss. The extremely low SST negatively affected non-established and breeding fish populations, while the massive coral loss severely affected corallivorous fishes. This study demonstrates the potential impact of extreme cold events on the persistent establishment of tropical reef fishes in temperate waters. Thus, our study highlights the potential instability of temperate waters as a refuge for range-shifting tropical reef fishes since extreme climatic events are predicted to increase amidst climate change. This may potentially impair benefits from the tropicalized temperate reef ecosystem services (e.g., local tourism and fishery industries).