Physiology and Pathophysiology With Ascent to Altitude
Physiology and Pathophysiology With Ascent to Altitude
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DOI：
10.1097/maj.0b013e3181d3cdbe
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Palmer, Biff F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmer, Biff F.
随着海拔高度的增加，大气压力下降，氧气分压逐渐下降。适应性描述了在低压低氧血症环境下帮助维持组织氧输送和人体表现的生理变化。这些变化包括肺泡通气明显增加，血红蛋白浓度和亲和力增加，组织氧提取增加。在某些个体中，这些生理变化可能不够充分，因此，在高海拔地区的逗留和随之而来的缺氧会因与海拔相关的医学疾病而复杂化。上升的速度、海拔的绝对变化和个人生理是疾病是否发展的主要决定因素。高原病最常见的临床表现是急性高山病、高原肺水肿、高原脑水肿。
With increasing altitude, there is a fall in barometric pressure and a progressive fall in the partial pressure of oxygen. Acclimatization describes the physiologic changes that help maintain tissue oxygen delivery and human performance in the setting of hypobaric hypoxemia. These changes include a marked increase in alveolar ventilation, increased hemoglobin concentration and affinity, and increased tissue oxygen extraction. In some individuals, these physiologic changes may be inadequate, such that the sojourn to altitude and the attendant hypoxia are complicated by altitude-associated medical illness. The rate of ascent, the absolute change in altitude, and individual physiology are the primary determinants whether illness will develop or not. The most common clinical manifestations of altitude illness are acute mountain sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema, and high altitude cerebral edema.