Genetic studies of tooth size factors in Pima Indian families.
Genetic studies of tooth size factors in Pima Indian families.
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皮马印第安人家族牙齿大小因素的遗传研究。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1968
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
A. D. Merritt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. H. Yap;Potter;P. Yu;A. Dahlberg;A. D. Merritt
在牙科学中，单基因替换已被证明占相对较少的临床实体，大多数遗传问题涉及形成自然发生的变异的主要部分的度量特征。生物统计学或数量遗传学在牙科研究中的重要性几乎不需要强调，因为生长和发育过程的特征是度量的，并且与微进化有关的大多数变化都涉及这些特征。恒牙大小只是人类颅面形态复杂系统中的一个变量，其组成部分一般表现为连续变化的定量度量特征。数量性状的遗传变异取决于许多基因位点的假说似乎是对所观察到的表型特征最站得住脚的解释。实际上，由基因分离引起的变异是定性的，但由于许多基因的分离，可能表现为定量的。环境变化的叠加产生了真正连续的特征分布。度量性状遗传的研究是为了区分变异的遗传原因和环境原因，并进一步细分遗传原因。双胞胎研究（Lundstrom，1948; Horowitz等人，1958年）已经证明了牙齿大小的遗传控制。该方法具有确定基因型与环境方差的相对大小的潜在优势。然而，在数量遗传学中，对双胞胎研究的最仔细评估可能只能得出一个广泛的结论，即基因型相同的人比基因型不同的人更有可能对环境做出相似的反应。不幸的是，双胞胎方法中牙齿大小变异性的显著遗传控制证据并不能令人满意地描述牙齿大小的遗传，以用于临床矫正学或微进化分析的预测目的。基因型变异-
In dentistry, single gene substitution has been demonstrated to account for relatively few clinical entities, and most genetic problems involve metric characters which form the major part of naturally occurring variation. The significance of biometrical or quantitative genetics in dental research need hardly be stressed, since the characteristics of growth and developmental processes are metric and most of the changes concerned in microevolution involve such characters. The size of permanent teeth is only one variable in a complex system of craniofacial morphology in man. Generally, components of this complex appear to be quantitative metric characters showing continuous variation. The hypothesis that genetic variability of quantitative characters depends upon many gene loci seems to be the most tenable explanation for observed phenotypic characteristics. Intrinsically, variation caused by the segregation of genes is qualitative, but may appear to be quantitative due to the segregation of many genes. The superimposition of environmental variation produces a truly continuous distribution of the character. Studies of the inheritance of metric characters are directed toward discriminating between genetic and environmental causes of variation and the further subdivision of genetic causes. Twin studies (Lundstrom, 1948; Horowitz et al., 1958) have demonstrated genetic control of tooth size. This method has the potential advantage of determining the relative magnitudes of genotypic versus environmental variance. However, in quantitative genetics, the most careful evaluation of twin studies may yield only the broad conclusion that persons who are identical in their genotype are more likely to react similarly to their environments than are persons with dissimilar genotypes. Evidence for significant genetic control of variability in tooth size from the twin method unfortunately does not satisfactorily delineate the inheritance of tooth size for predictive purposes in clinical orthodontics or microevolutionary analysis. The genotypic vari-