Using the Diffusion Model to Explain Cognitive Deficits in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Using the Diffusion Model to Explain Cognitive Deficits in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10802-016-0151-y
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发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Galloway-Long, Hilary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang-Pollock, Cynthia;Ratcliff, Roger;McKoon, Gail;Shapiro, Zvi;Weigard, Alex;Galloway-Long, Hilary
在童年时期，慢速，可变且容易出错的性能（RT）任务已得到充分记录，但同样有记载的是这些防御能力的上下文依赖性，尤其是随着事件速率的增加。 （或者，随着刺激间隔的较短），RTS降低了，一种长期以来一直被解释为ADHD认知缺陷的表现模式是基本的下游结果在唤醒的规定中，我们很难满足任务的要求。使用（n = 97; 33个女孩）和没有（n = 39; 26 Girls）ADHD，我们使用了扩散模型（RT的有影响力的计算模型）来检查事件速率对抑制性控制的影响与长期信念相反，我们发现，快速事件的速度减慢了ADHD的儿童积累的证据，以做出“无行为”的决定，这又导致了这一索引。较高的失败抑制作用，发生的目的地增加了任务参与度，这反映出决策过程的变化，尽管事件率更快地增加了患有ADHD，ADHD，ADHD的任务率的速度。参与度的增加无法抵消对“无行”决定的加工速度的同时放缓。
Slow, variable, and error-prone performance on speeded reaction time (RT) tasks has been well documented in childhood ADHD, but equally well documented is the context-dependent nature of those deficits, particularly with respect to event rate. As event rates increase (or, as the interstimulus intervals become shorter), RTs decrease, a pattern of performance that has long been interpreted as evidence that cognitive deficits in ADHD are a downstream consequence of a fundamental difficulty in the regulation of arousal to meet task demands. We test the extent to which this is a misinterpretation of the data that occurs when RT and accuracy are considered separately, as is common in neurocognitive research. In two samples of children aged 8–10 with (N = 97; 33 girls) and without (N = 39; 26 girls) ADHD, we used the diffusion model, an influential computational model of RT, to examine the effect of event rate on inhibitory control in a go-no-go task. Contrary to longstanding belief, we found that fast event rates slowed the rate at which children with ADHD accumulated evidence to make a decision to “no-go”, as indexed by drift rate. This in turn resulted in a higher proportion of failed inhibits, and occurred despite increased task engagement, as reflected by changes in the starting point of the decision process. Thus, although faster event rates increased task engagement among children with ADHD, the increased engagement was unable to counteract the concurrent slowing of processing speed to “no-go” decisions. Implications for theoretical models of ADHD and treatments are discussed.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Huang-Pollock, Cynthia L.;Karalunas, Sarah L.;Moore, Amy N.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.3
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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