Changes of Genotype, Sensitivity and Aggressiveness in Phytophthora infestans Isolates Collected in European Countries in 1997, 2006 and 2007
Changes of Genotype, Sensitivity and Aggressiveness in Phytophthora infestans Isolates Collected in European Countries in 1997, 2006 and 2007
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01753.x
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Sierotzki, Helge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gisi, Ulrich;Walder, Florian;Sierotzki, Helge
1997年、2006年和2007年在欧洲8个国家共收集了241个致病疫霉分离株，并利用分子标记（简单序列重复序列、SSR基因型）和表型特征（例如对杀菌剂的敏感性、交配型和攻击性）进行了表征。交配型分布从1997年的A1为主变为2007年的A2为主。未检测到对氟啶胺和双炔酰菌胺具有抗性的菌株，而对精甲霜灵（MFX）具有抗性的菌株比例较高，且逐年增加。交配类型与MFX抗性之间没有遗传联系。侵略性（病变扩大和产孢能力之间的产品）是略高的MFX耐药相比，敏感的菌株和菌株收集后，在同一个季节的早期相比。A1和A2型的感染率大致相同，1997年法国分离株和2007年英国分离株的感染率也差不多，但2007年法国分离株的感染率较低。鉴定出6个不同SSR基因型的家系。在1997年，种群以基因型家族I和III/IV为主，在2007年显著下降，主要被基因型家族II（“蓝色13”型）和V所取代，这两个家族分别是A2 MFX抗性和A1 MFX敏感型。然而，交配型和MFX抗性在遗传上与SSR基因型无关。
A total of 241 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected in 1997, 2006 and 2007 in eight European countries and characterized with molecular markers (simple sequence repeats, SSR genotypes) and phenotypic traits such as sensitivity to fungicides, mating type and aggressiveness. The mating type distribution changed from mainly A1 in 1997 to a majority of A2 in 2007. No resistant isolates were detected for fluazinam and mandipropamid, whereas the proportion of isolates resistant to mefenoxam (MFX) was high and increased over the years. There was no genetic link between mating type and MFX resistance. Aggressiveness (product between lesion expansion and sporulation capacity) was slightly higher for MFX-resistant compared to sensitive isolates and for isolates collected later compared to earlier in the same season. It was about equally high for A1 and A2 types, and for French isolates in 1997 and British isolates in 2007, but lower for French isolates in 2007. Six different SSR genotype families were distinguished. In 1997, populations were dominated by genotype families I and III/IV, which significantly declined in 2007 being largely displaced by genotype families II ('blue 13' type) and V, which are by coincidence mainly A2 MFX resistant and A1 MFX sensitive, respectively. However, mating type and MFX resistance were genetically not linked to SSR genotypes.