High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies in Health and Human Disease: Focus on Type 2 Diabetes.
High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies in Health and Human Disease: Focus on Type 2 Diabetes.
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DOI：
10.14797/mdcj-15-1-55
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shah, Amy S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davidson, W Sean;Shah, Amy S
几十年来，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）的血浆胆固醇水平一直与心脏保护相关。然而，人们逐渐认识到这种脂蛋白类别在组成和功能方面具有高度异质性。随着先进的脂质测试技术和方法的出现，可以对单个颗粒群进行定量和恢复，我们开始将 HDL 亚种的功能与慢性代谢疾病联系起来。在这篇综述中，我们研究了 2 型糖尿病 (T2D)，并探讨了我们目前对肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和高血糖如何影响 HDL 亚种以及可能受 HDL 亚种影响的理解。我们讨论胰岛素抵抗如何改变脂蛋白谱的机制，以及这如何影响高密度脂蛋白减轻动脉粥样硬化疾病和糖尿病本身的能力。最后，我们呼吁进行更详细的研究，检查 T2D 对特定 HDL 亚种及其功能的影响。如果可以分离这些颗粒，并充分阐明它们的组成和功能，就有可能控制这些特定颗粒的水平或瞄准保护功能，以减少冠心病的发病率。
Plasma cholesterol levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been associated with cardioprotection for decades. However, there is an evolving appreciation that this lipoprotein class is highly heterogeneous with regard to composition and functionality. With the advent of advanced lipid-testing techniques and methods that allow both the quantitation and recovery of individual particle populations, we are beginning to connect the functionality of HDL subspecies with chronic metabolic diseases. In this review, we examine type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explore our current understanding of how obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia affect, and may be affected by, HDL subspeciation. We discuss mechanistic aspects of how insulin resistance may alter lipoprotein profiles and how this may impact the ability of HDL to mitigate both atherosclerotic disease and diabetes itself. Finally, we call for more detailed studies examining the impact of T2D on specific HDL subspecies and their functions. If these particles can be isolated and their compositions and functions fully elucidated, it may become possible to manipulate the levels of these specific particles or target the protective functions to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease.