FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF A LEAFMINER PARASITOID IN THE FIELD
FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF A LEAFMINER PARASITOID IN THE FIELD
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.1989.tb00954.x
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发表时间：
1989-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
CASAS, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CASAS, J
1.在野外条件下，对绢角姬小蜂SympiesissericeicornisNees的搜索行为进行了研究。2.在苹果树树冠上，用触角状潜叶蛾Phyllonorycter cydoniella（D.和S.）（鳞翅目，江蓠科）和他们的行为研究在一个单一的地雷的水平和在同一片叶子上的几个地雷的水平（补丁水平）。3.在飞行过程中探测到地雷的存在。在斑块水平上的觅食行为是有效的：女性能够区分合适的不合适的主机和处理合适的主机第一。在离开叶子之前，并不是所有的矿都被访问过，那些没有访问过的矿都是没有合适宿主的矿。讨论了补片离开规则。4.构建了矿井上的行为行为图。对选定的行为类别进行了分析，以了解地雷含量和访问地雷的结果的不同组合。对地雷含量的评估是以不同的方式进行的，迅速而准确。5.结果进行了讨论的上下文中的两个环境因素，风速和温度，这减少了可用的时间进行搜索。它们还与每一代寄主中不适宜寄主的比例不断增加有关。即使在成虫寄生或羽化后，齿状地雷在很长一段时间内仍然具有吸引力，对它们的检查降低了发现宿主的速度。
1. The searching behaviour of the parasitoid Sympiesis sericeicornis Nees (hymenoptera, Eulophidae) is analysed under field conditions. 2. Females were tracked when flying around the canopy of apple trees infested with the tentiform leafminer Phyllonorycter cydoniella (D. and S.) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) and their behaviour studied at the level of a single mine and at the level of several mines on the same leaf (patch level). 3. The presence of mines is detected during flight. The foraging behaviour at the patch level is efficient: the female is able to distinguish the suitable from the unsuitable hosts and handle the suitable hosts first. Not all mines are visited before departure from the leaf and those left unvisited are exclusively mines without suitable hosts. The patch leaving rule is discussed. 4. An ethogram of the behaviour on the mine is constructed. Selected behavioural categories are analysed for different combinations of mine content and outcome of the visit to the mine. The assessment of the mine content is done in differential way, quickly and without mistakes. 5. The results are discussed in the context of two environmental factors, wind speed and temperature, which reduce the available time for searching. They are also related to the growing percentage of unsuitable hosts during each host generation. Tentiform mines remain attractive for a long period of time, even after parasitism or emergence of the adult, and their examination reduces the rate of host discovery.