Comparison effect of dietary astaxanthin and β-carotene in the presence and absence of cholesterol supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and gene expression of Penaeus monodon under normoxia and hypoxia condition
Comparison effect of dietary astaxanthin and β-carotene in the presence and absence of cholesterol supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and gene expression of Penaeus monodon under normoxia and hypoxia condition
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膳食虾青素和β-胡萝卜素添加和不添加胆固醇对常氧和缺氧条件下斑节对虾生长性能、抗氧化能力和基因表达的影响比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.11.013
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发表时间：
2014-02-20
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Lin, Hei-Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niu, Jin;Wen, Hua;Lin, Hei-Zhao
为研究两种不同类胡萝卜素源对对虾生长性能的影响，采用空气浸泡法研究了两种类胡萝卜素源对对虾免疫应答的影响。试验1投喂5种饲粮，平均初始湿重约2.07 g；不含类胡萝卜素的基础日粮（D1）；分别添加0.1%虾青素（D2）、0.1%虾青素和1%胆固醇（D3）的两种饲粮；单独添加0.25% β -胡萝卜素（D4）和0.25% β -胡萝卜素+ 1%胆固醇（D5）的两种饲粮。饲喂D3的对虾的生长性能（末重、FBW、增重、WG、生物量增重、BG）和存活率最高。在添加类胡萝卜素的饲粮（d2 ~ d5）中，类胡萝卜素的表观消化系数（ADCs）处于较高水平（> ~ 90%），添加胆固醇后类胡萝卜素的表观消化系数不再显著提高。然而，在虾青素添加组（D3 vs D2）中，添加胆固醇显著提高了组织类胡萝卜素的保留效率，而在β -胡萝卜素添加组（D5 vs D4）中则没有。类胡萝卜素添加饲料（d2 ~ d5）的肝胰脏丙二醛（MDA）和血淋巴凝血时间显著低于基础饲料（D1） （P < 0.05）。相反，基础饲粮的总血细胞计数（D1）低于添加类胡萝卜素的饲粮（d2 ~ d5） （P < 0.05）。各日粮处理对虾肝胰腺热休克蛋白70 (hsp70) mRNA和缺氧诱导因子-1 α (HIF-1 α) mRNA的表达谱均无显著差异（P < 0.05）。试验2中，在饲养试验1后，将对虾暴露在空气中进行模拟活体运输36 h。在模拟活体运输36 h后，所有饮食处理均未观察到死亡。试验2后，添加基础和β -胡萝卜素（D1、D4和D5）的对虾总血细胞计数显著下降（P < 0.05），而添加虾青素（D2和D3）的对虾总血细胞计数基本不变。试验2后，基础饲粮（D1）的血淋巴凝固时间显著增加（P < 0.05），类胡萝卜素添加饲粮（d2 ~ d5）的血淋巴凝固时间无显著变化。试验2对虾肝胰脏丙二醛和羰基蛋白含量显著高于试验1 （P < 0.05）。基础饲粮对虾肝胰脏Hsp 70 mRNA和HIF-1 α mRNA的表达谱显著低于其他饲粮（P < 0.05）。综上所述，无论是作为饲料色素还是作为饲料抗氧化剂，虾青素都优于β -胡萝卜素，且添加胆固醇能显著提高虾青素的利用效率，而β -胡萝卜素则不能。爱思唯尔出版有限公司版权所有
Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of two different carotenoid sources on shrimp, Penaeus monodon, first on growth performance, secondly on the immune response of shrimp was investigated with an air emersion challenge. In trial 1, P. monodon (mean initial wet weight about 2.07 g) were fed five diets in triplicate; a basal diet (D1) without carotenoids; two diets formulated to supply 0.1% astaxanthin alone (D2), combination of 0.1% astaxanthin and 1% cholesterol (D3); two diets with 0.25% beta-carotene alone (D4), combination of 0.25% beta-carotene and 1% cholesterol (D5). Growth performance (final body weight, FBW; weight gain, WG; biomass gain, BG) and survival of shrimp fed D3 showed the highest values. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of carotenoids in carotenoid-supplemented diets (D2-D5) were quietly high (>90%), and cholesterol supplementation did not significantly improve the carotenoid ADCs any more. However, cholesterol addition significantly enhanced the tissue carotenoid retention efficiencies in astaxanthin-supplemented diet treatments (D3 vs D2) but not in beta-carotene-supplemented diet treatments (D5 vs D4). Hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA) and hemolymph clotting time of shrimp fed carotenoid-supplemented diets (D2-D5) were lower (P < 0.05) than those of shrimp fed the basal diet (D1). On the contrary, total hemocyte count of shrimp fed the basal diet (D1) was lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed carotenoid-supplemented diets (D2-D5). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in expression profiles of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) mRNA and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) mRNA in hepatopancreas of shrimp among all diet treatments. In trial 2, the shrimp were exposed to air during a simulated live transportation for 36 h after the rearing trial 1. No mortalities were observed in all diet treatments after 36 h of simulated live transportation. Total hemocyte counts of shrimp fed the basal and beta-carotene-supplemented diets (D1, D4 and D5) significantly declined (P < 0.05) after trial 2 while it remained unchanged in shrimp fed astaxanthin-supplemented diets (D2 and D3). The hemolymph clotting time of shrimp fed the basal diet (D1) significantly increased (P < 0.05) after trial 2 and it was unchanged in the shrimp fed the carotenoid-supplemented diets (D2-D5). MDA and carbonyl protein contents of hepatopancreas of shrimp in trial 2 were the higher (P < 0.05) levels record compared to contents in trial 1. Expression profiles of Hsp 70 mRNA and HIF-1 alpha mRNA of hepatopancreas of shrimp fed the basal diet were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of shrimp fed other diets. In conclusion, all the data suggested that astaxanthin was better than beta-carotene either as dietary pigment or as dietary antioxidant in the commercial diet of P. monodon, and the supplement of cholesterol could positively enhance the efficiency of astaxanthin but not beta-carotene. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.