Effects of quantitative and qualitative differences in volatiles from host‐ and non‐host‐infested maize on the attraction of the larval parasitoid Cotesia kariyai
Effects of quantitative and qualitative differences in volatiles from host‐ and non‐host‐infested maize on the attraction of the larval parasitoid Cotesia kariyai
复制标题
寄主和非寄主侵染玉米挥发物的定量和定性差异对幼虫寄生蜂 Cotesia kariyai 吸引力的影响
DOI：
10.1111/eea.12555
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Y. Kainoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ploypilin Thanikkul;Narisara Piyasaengthong;A. C. Menezes;DeMar Taylor;Y. Kainoh
Cotesia kariyai Watanabe（膜翅目：茧蜂科）是 Mythimna separata Walker（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）的一种专业幼虫寄生蜂。 Cotesia kariyai 黄蜂利用食草动物诱导的植物挥发物 (HIPV) 来定位宿主。然而，复杂的自然栖息地充满了草食性寄主和非寄主侵染植物以不同强度释放的挥发物。因此，非寄主的存在可能会影响寄生蜂在觅食时的决策。在这里，使用四臂嗅觉计研究了受寄主和非寄主感染的玉米 [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] 植物影响的 HIPV 幼稚 C. kariyai 的寄主发现效率。 OstriniafurnacalisGuenée（鳞翅目：Crambidae）被选为非寄主物种。通过用 5 个寄主或 7 个非寄主幼虫侵染盆栽植物来制备一个单位 (1 U) 的寄主或非寄主侵染植物。在双选择生物测定中，假设挥发性物质的数量和质量随昆虫和植物数量的差异而变化，则安排不同数量的幼虫取食的寄主侵染植物以及不同的寄主和非寄主侵染植物单位（侵染单位；1 U、2 U 和 3 U）来检查挥发物数量和质量差异对 C. kariyai 嗅觉反应的影响。人们发现 Cotesia kariyai 能够感知寄主侵染植物中挥发物的数量差异，更喜欢来自大量幼虫或植物的大量挥发物。此外，拟寄生物通过识别这些植物释放的挥发物来区分健康植物、寄主侵染植物和非寄主侵染植物。当存在大量非寄主侵染的植物时，Cotesia kariyai 对寄主诱导的挥发物的偏好降低。因此，寄主和非寄主侵染植物的挥发物的定量和定性差异似乎会影响 C. kariyai 在多个三营养系统中寻找寄主栖息地时的决策。
Cotesia kariyai Watanabe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a specialist larval parasitoid of Mythimna separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Cotesia kariyai wasps use herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to locate hosts. However, complex natural habitats are full of volatiles released by both herbivorous host‐ and non‐host‐infested plants at various levels of intensity. Therefore, the presence of non‐hosts may affect parasitoid decisions while foraging. Here, the host‐finding efficiency of naive C. kariyai from HIPVs influenced by host‐ and non‐host‐infested maize [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] plants was investigated with a four‐arm olfactometer. Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was selected as a non‐host species. One unit (1 U) of host‐ or non‐host‐infested plant was prepared by infesting a potted plant with five host or seven non‐host larvae. In two‐choice bioassays, host‐infested plants fed upon by different numbers of larvae, and various units of host‐ and non‐host‐infested plants (infestation units; 1 U, 2 U, and 3 U) were arranged to examine the effects of differences in volatile quantity and quality on the olfactory responses of C. kariyai with the assumption that volatile quantity and quality changes with differences in numbers of insects and plants. Cotesia kariyai was found to perceive quantitative differences in volatiles from host‐infested plants, preferring larger quantities of volatiles from larger numbers of larvae or plants. Also, the parasitoids discriminated between healthy plants, host‐infested plants, and non‐host‐infested plants by recognising volatiles released from those plants. Cotesia kariyai showed a reduced preference for host‐induced volatiles, when larger numbers of non‐host‐infested plants were present. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative differences in volatiles from host‐ and non‐host‐infested plants appear to affect the decision of C. kariyai during host‐habitat searching in multiple tritrophic systems.