Running economy: measurement, norms, and determining factors.
Running economy: measurement, norms, and determining factors.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40798-015-0007-y
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kilding AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes KR;Kilding AE
跑步经济性是耐力运动员，特别是中长跑运动员的重要生理指标。这篇综述考虑了1）RE是如何定义和测量的，以及2）决定或影响RE的生理和生物力学因素。由于协议、气体分析系统和数据平均技术的变化，很难准确地确定运动员和研究之间的好、平均和差RE。然而，不同口径的男性和女性跑步者的代表性RE值可以从现有文献中识别，其中大多数清晰的描述了中等和高度训练的精英跑步者在一系列速度下的摄氧量。尽管RE易于测量且可接受地可靠，但很明显，RE是一个复杂的多因素概念，反映了个体独有的各种代谢、心肺、生物力学和神经肌肉特征的综合复合物。代谢效率是指利用可用的能量来促进最佳性能，而心肺效率是指减少与氧运输和利用相关的过程的功输出。生物力学和神经肌肉特性是指神经和肌肉骨骼系统之间的相互作用，以及它们将功率输出转换为移位并因此转换为性能的能力。在导致RE的众多代谢、心肺、生物力学和神经肌肉特征中，其中许多特征能够通过训练或其他干预措施进行适应，从而改善RE。
Running economy (RE) is considered an important physiological measure for endurance athletes, especially distance runners. This review considers 1) how RE is defined and measured and 2) physiological and biomechanical factors that determine or influence RE. It is difficult to accurately ascertain what is good, average, and poor RE between athletes and studies due to variation in protocols, gas-analysis systems, and data averaging techniques. However, representative RE values for different caliber of male and female runners can be identified from existing literature with mostly clear delineations in oxygen uptake across a range of speeds in moderately and highly trained and elite runners. Despite being simple to measure and acceptably reliable, it is evident that RE is a complex, multifactorial concept that reflects the integrated composite of a variety of metabolic, cardiorespiratory, biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics that are unique to the individual. Metabolic efficiency refers to the utilization of available energy to facilitate optimal performance, whereas cardiopulmonary efficiency refers to a reduced work output for the processes related to oxygen transport and utilization. Biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics refer to the interaction between the neural and musculoskeletal systems and their ability to convert power output into translocation and therefore performance. Of the numerous metabolic, cardiopulmonary, biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics contributing to RE, many of these are able to adapt through training or other interventions resulting in improved RE.