Inequality in CO2 Emissions Between Poor and Rich Countries
Inequality in CO2 Emissions Between Poor and Rich Countries
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DOI：
10.1177/107049659700600404
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发表时间：
1997-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Heil;Q. Wodon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Heil;Q. Wodon
受到全球变暖的威胁，大多数国家都同意全球温室气体减排的重要性。然而，在涉及的分配问题上，分歧依然存在。贫穷国家对历史和当前的人均排放量不平等提出了挑战。富裕国家担心未来减排可能带来的干扰。本文通过对1960年至1990年的基尼指数进行分组分解，衡量了化石燃料使用和水泥生产造成的人均二氧化碳排放量的不平等，以及贫穷国家和富裕国家对这种不平等的贡献。在此期间，排放的不平等程度仅略有降低。讨论了通过与当前排放量、国内生产总值和人口成比例的减排以及固定和滑动组合来削减未来排放量的建议对不平等的影响。最后，说明了基尼分析如何适用于准排放，即通过可交易的排放许可制度和/或联合实施纳入排放交易的准排放。
Threatened by global warming, most countries agree on the importance of global greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Yet disagreements persist on the distributional issues involved. Poor countries challenge historical and current inequalities in per capita emissions. Rich countries fear the disruptions that may accompany future reductions of their emissions. This article measures the inequality in per capita CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production and the contributions of poor and rich countries to this inequality through a group decomposition of the Gini index 1960 to 1990. Emissions became only marginally less unequal over the period. The impact on inequality of proposals to curtail future emissions through reductions proportional to current emissions, gross domestic product, and population, as well as fixed and sliding combinations, are discussed. Finally, it is shown how the Gini analysis could be applied to quasi-emissions, which incorporate emissions transactions through a tradable emissions permit system and/or joint implementation.