Experimental Studies of Evolution and Eco-Evo Dynamics in Guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Experimental Studies of Evolution and Eco-Evo Dynamics in Guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
复制标题
孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）进化和生态进化动力学的实验研究
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024926
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Travis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Reznick;J. Travis
特立尼达的孔雀鱼分布在不同的水环境中，鱼类群落被捕食的风险各不相同。这些群落通常是离散的，由瀑布隔开，下游是高捕食性群落，上游是低捕食性群落。这种梯度在许多河流中重复出现；在每一条河流中，我们都看到孔雀鱼种群在生活史、行为、形态和生理上的相同分歧。我们已经证明，在低捕食性群落中，选择对生活史、行为和生理的影响是高种群密度和由此产生的一系列生态效应。实际上，孔雀鱼种群改变了它们的生态系统，在这样做的过程中，对自己施加了选择，并塑造了自己的进化，这进一步改变了生态系统。进化在这个系统中迅速展开，这使我们能够研究这个过程的动态，而不仅仅是它的终点。这些研究使我们能够回答生态学和进化生物学中的一些非常普遍的问题。
Guppies in Trinidad range across aquatic environments with fish communities that vary in risk of predation. These communities are often discrete, separated by waterfalls, with high-predation communities downstream and low-predation communities upstream. This gradient is repeated in many rivers; in each one, we see the same divergence between guppy populations in life history, behavior, morphology, and physiology. We have shown that the agent of selection on the life history, behavior, and physiology in low-predation communities is high population density and the cascade of ecological effects that stems from it. In effect, guppy populations modify their ecosystem and, in so doing, impose selection on themselves and shape their own evolution, which further changes the ecosystem. Evolution unfolds rapidly in this system, which has enabled us to study the dynamics of the process, not just its end points. Those studies enable us to answer some very general questions in ecology and evolutionary biology.