Design of an epidemiologic study of drinking water arsenic exposure and skin and bladder cancer risk in a US population
Design of an epidemiologic study of drinking water arsenic exposure and skin and bladder cancer risk in a US population
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/3434150
复制
发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Klaue, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karagas, MR;Tosteson, TD;Klaue, B
饮用受砷污染的饮用水会增加患几种癌症的风险，包括皮肤和膀胱恶性肿瘤；但目前尚不清楚这种不良影响是否存在于美国人口暴露的水平上。在新罕布什尔州，据报道，整个地区的饮用水供应中都检测到砷含量。因此，我们开始了一项以人群为基础的流行病学病例对照研究，在这项研究中，从一项特殊的全州皮肤癌发病率调查中选择了被诊断为原发性鳞状细胞（n=900）和基底细胞（n=1200）皮肤癌的新罕布什尔州居民；被诊断为原发性膀胱癌的患者（n=450）正在通过新罕布什尔州陈旧性癌症登记处进行鉴定。将这些患者的暴露史与从人群名单中随机选择的对照组（n=1200）进行比较。除了详细的个人访谈外，还使用仪器中子活化分析测量了脚趾甲剪样品中的砷和其他微量元素。正在对选定的参与者使用氢化物生成技术和高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱进行家庭水样测试。在首批接受检测的793户家庭中，砷浓度从检测不到（0.01 μ g/l）到180 μ g/l不等。超过10%的私人井的含量超过10 μ g/l， 2.5%的井含量超过50 μ g/l。根据我们预计的样本量，我们预计在脚趾甲砷浓度最高的5%人群中，至少有80%的几率检测出基底细胞或鳞状细胞皮肤癌或膀胱癌的2倍风险。
Ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including skin and bladder malignancies; but it is not yet clear whether such adverse effects are present at levels to which the U.S. population is exposed. In New Hampshire, detectable levels of arsenic have been reported in drinking water supplies throughout the stale. Therefore, we have begun a population-based epidemiologic case-control study in which residents of New Hampshire diagnosed with primary squamous cell (n=900) and basal cell (n=1200) skin cancers are being selected from a special statewide skin cancer incidence survey; patients diagnosed with primary bladder cancers (n=450) are being identified through the New Hampshire Stale Cancer Registry. Exposure histories of these patients will be compared to a control group of individuals randomly selected from population lists (n=1200). Along with a detailed personal interview, arsenic and other trace elements are being measured in toenail clipping samples using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Household water samples are being tested on selected participants using a hydride generation technique with high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In the first 793 households tested, arsenic concentrations ranged from undetectable (0.01 mu g/l) to 180 mu g/l. Over 10% of the private wells contained levels above 10 mu g/l and 2.5% were above 50 mu g/l. Based on our projected sample size, we expect at least 80% power to detect a 2-fold risk of basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or bladder cancer among individuals with the highest 5% toenail concentrations of arsenic.