Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample.
Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample.
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全国样本中婚姻困境与失业之间的关联。
DOI：
10.2307/353720
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
R. Kessler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Forthofer;H. Markman;M. Cox;S. Stanley;R. Kessler
本研究对全国合并症调查的数据进行了分析，以评估婚姻问题蔓延到导致失业的程度。结果表明，婚姻困境与失业呈正相关——尤其是在结婚头十年的男性中。根据参与者的平均收入，与婚姻问题相关的工作损失相当于每年约 68 亿美元的损失。这些发现表明，旨在预防婚姻问题的家庭干预可能会给企业和社会带来重要的社会心理和经济效益。 HOWARD J. MARKMAN 丹佛大学* 玛莎·考克斯 北卡罗来纳大学** 斯科特·斯坦利 丹佛大学* RONALD C. KESSLER 哈佛医学院*** *心理学系，丹佛大学，2460 South Vine Street, Denver, CO 80208。 **Frank Porter Graham 儿童发展中心，北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校，CB#8180, 105 Smith Level Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599。***哈佛医学院医疗保健政策系，25 Shattuck Street, Parcel B, Ist Floor, Boston, MA 02115。关键词：婚姻困境、婚姻、性别差异、工作生产力。尽管很少有研究直接关注家庭影响工作生产力的方式（Crouter，1984），但工作与家庭之间的界面研究（Eckenrode & Gore，1990；Moen & Dempster-McClain，1987）以及工作生产力的决定因素（Friedman，1991；Steers & Rhodes，1978；Voydanoff，1980）以及临床研究提供了证据。对陷入困境的已婚夫妇的实践（Stanley & Markman，1995）表明，家庭问题可能会影响工作表现，反之亦然。为了理解家庭和工作的相互联系，我们必须认识到这些影响可能是双向的。家庭经历和压力可能影响工作场所的行为，工作场所的经历也可能影响家庭行为（Crouter，1984；Eckenrode & Gore，1990；Kanter，1977）。尽管很难理清这些相互关联，但有关家庭问题与工人生产力之间联系的信息对于考虑家庭不稳定的社会成本和提高家庭稳定计划的成本效益非常重要。本研究的目的是对全国合并症调查（NCS；Kessler 等人，1994）的数据进行分析，以评估婚姻中的问题在多大程度上会导致工作中的问题。具体来说，本文的主要目的是根据工作生产力下降或工作损失来估计婚姻困境的成本，并讨论旨在预防这些成本的家庭干预措施的潜在社会心理和经济效益。婚姻问题和工作效率 尽管很少有研究明确研究家庭因素对工作经验和工作效率的影响，但婚姻问题与各种负面后果有关。婚姻问题与心理健康问题有关（Beach、Smith 和 Fincham，1994 年；Coie 等人，1993 年）。婚姻冲突还与成年人的免疫功能受损（Kiecolt-Glaser 等，1993）以及各种身体健康问题的恢复速度较慢（Schmaling 和 Sher，正在出版）有关，这些结果反过来又对工人生产力和缺勤产生了明确的影响（例如，Clark，1983；Hendrix、Steel 和 Schultz，1987）。与婚姻困境对多个关键生活领域产生负面影响的证据相一致，婚姻困境也可能对工作生产力产生重要影响。此外，如果婚姻问题确实影响了工作损失，企业可能会发现促进家庭稳定的员工援助计划是维持甚至提高生产力的一种经济高效的手段。 ……
This study presents analyses of data from the National Comorbidity Survey to assess the extent to which problems within marriage spill over to produce work loss. Results indicate that marital distress is positively associated with work loss-particularly among men in their first 10 years of marriage. Based on the average earnings of participants, work loss associated with marital problems translates into a loss of approximately $6.8 billion per year. These findings suggest that family interventions targeted at the prevention of marital problems may result in important psychosocial and economic benefits for business and society. HOWARD J. MARKMAN University of Denver* MARTHA COX University of North Carolina** SCOTT STANLEY University of Denver* RONALD C. KESSLER Harvard Medical School*** *Psychology Department, University of Denver, 2460 South Vine Street, Denver, CO 80208. **Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#8180, 105 Smith Level Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. ***Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Parcel B, Ist Floor, Boston, MA 02115. Key Words: marital distress, marriage, sex differences, work productivity. Although little research has been focused directly on the way families influence work productivity (Crouter, 1984), evidence from research on the interface between work and family (Eckenrode & Gore, 1990; Moen & Dempster-McClain, 1987) and on determinants of productivity at work (Friedman, 1991; Steers & Rhodes, 1978; Voydanoff, 1980) and from clinical practice with distressed married couples (Stanley & Markman, 1995) suggests that problems at home may affect performance on the job and vice versa. To understand the interconnections of home and work, we must recognize that these influences may operate in both directions. Experiences and stresses at home may influence behavior in the workplace, and experiences in the workplace may influence behavior at home (Crouter, 1984; Eckenrode & Gore, 1990; Kanter, 1977). Though it is difficult to disentangle these reciprocal associations, information concerning linkages between problems in the family and worker productivity is important in considering the social costs of family instability and the cost-effectiveness of programs to increase family stability. The purpose of this study is to present analyses of data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS; Kessler et al., 1994) to assess the extent to which problems within marriage spill over to create problems at work. Specifically, the major aim of this article is to estimate the costs of marital distress in terms of reduced job productivity or work loss and to discuss the potential psychosocial and economic benefits of family interventions targeted at the prevention of these costs. MARITAL DISTRESS AND WORK PRODUCTIVITY Although few studies have explicitly examined the effects of home and family factors on work experiences and work productivity, marital distress has been associated with a variety of negative consequences. Marital problems have been linked to mental health problems (Beach, Smith, & Fincham, 1994; Coie et al., 1993). Marital conflict also has been associated with impaired immune function among adults (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1993) and slower rates of recovery from a variety of physical health problems (Schmaling & Sher, in press), outcomes that, in turn, have clearly established impacts on worker productivity and absenteeism (e.g., Clark, 1983; Hendrix, Steel, & Schultz, 1987). Consistent with this evidence that marital distress has negative effects on multiple critical life domains, it is plausible that marital distress also might have important consequences for work productivity. Moreover, if marital distress does affect work loss, corporations may find that employee assistance programs that promote family stability are a cost-efficient means of maintaining and even improving productivity. …