ABILITY AND EFFORT VALUATION AMONG FAILURE-AVOIDING AND FAILURE-ACCEPTING STUDENTS
ABILITY AND EFFORT VALUATION AMONG FAILURE-AVOIDING AND FAILURE-ACCEPTING STUDENTS
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-0663.77.4.446
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
OMELICH, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COVINGTON, MV;OMELICH, CL
几项调查证实了自我价值的预测，即在高努力条件下，失败的羞耻感更强。相反，根据韦纳的归因模型进行的研究表明相反的情况，即增加羞耻感与低努力支出有关。目前的研究提供了实证支持，这些明显相互矛盾的结果提出了解决方案。羞耻感是一种全球性的、未分化的情绪，它有一个与能力相关的成分（羞辱）和一个与努力相关的成分（内疚）。与自我价值的预测一致，努力被发现通过无能归因增加羞辱，因为高努力和失败的组合意味着低能力。相反，与韦纳的理论相一致，高努力也被发现可以减少羞耻感的内疚成分。进一步预测和证实，这些能力/努力→情感联系的相对强度也取决于学习者是否采取了失败-避免或失败-接受模式来应对成就要求。
Several investigations have confirmed self-worth predictions that greater shame at failure is experienced under high-effort conditions. In contrast, studies conducted under Weiner's attributional model have suggested the opposite, that increased shame is associated with low-effort expenditure. The present research provided empirical support for a proposed resolution of these apparently conflicting findings. Shame is a global, undifferentiated emotion that shares an ability-linked component (humiliation) and an effort-linked component (guilt). Consistent with self-worth predictions, effort was found to increase humiliation via inability ascriptions because a combination of high effort and failure implies low ability. Conversely, consistent with Weiner's theory, high effort also was found to decrease the guilt component of shame. It was further predicted and confirmed that the relative strength of these ability/effort→ affect linkages also depends on whether the learner has adopted a failure-avoiding or failure-accepting mode for coping with achievement demands.