The Fundamental Uncertainties of Mothering: Finding Ways to Honor Endurance, Struggle, and Contradiction
The Fundamental Uncertainties of Mothering: Finding Ways to Honor Endurance, Struggle, and Contradiction
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母亲的根本不确定性：寻找尊重忍耐力、斗争和矛盾的方法
DOI：
10.1145/3397177
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kelliher, Aisling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Devendorf, Laura;Andersen, Kristina;Kelliher, Aisling
当今，好父母的理想是在医学最佳实践、文化规范和技术创新的交叉点上形成的社会技术结构。这些理想的形成与父母面临的根本不确定性有关，这种不确定性来自于不知道如何做对孩子、家庭和自己最好的事情。越来越多的以家长为中心的智能设备和数据跟踪平台从这个交叉点涌现出来，将负责任的父母塑造成一个评估、分析和缓解孩子和家庭的数据定义风险的人。随着这些设备和平台的激增，无论是来自受人尊敬的医疗机构还是商业利益集团，它们对家庭提出了新的要求，并隐含地强调了如何通过数据丰富的技术来增强和改善人类(通常是母亲)。这既表现在他们支持的行动(例如，母乳喂养、监测食物摄入量)，也表现在他们将情绪边缘化(例如，愤怒、斗争、失去和后悔)。在这篇文章中，我们从优化和自我完善的叙述转向关注我们自己作为母亲和设计师的感受。通过创建设计回忆录的具体实践，我们从优化育儿工具的用户和主体的身份直接与人机界面社区对话。我们在这项工作中的目标是给这个领域带来细微的差别，这个领域经常被简单化地呈现出来，或者把母亲描绘成为了家人可以无休止地做更多事情的人物。我们的设计回忆录强调了我们在浏览这些工具和医疗系统时所经历的冲突和往往是负面的情绪。它们描绘了我们既强大又无力的感觉，同时表达愤怒和爱，并在表达骄傲和谦逊之间挣扎。《设计回忆录》倡导设计师在考虑以家长经验为重点的问题/解决方案时应谨慎行事。最后，我们反思了我们共同制作回忆录的做法，以及女权主义和酷儿理论中的其他方法，是如何提出了困扰这些优化和改进叙事的策略。总体而言，我们为那些觉得自己只是凑合着做或做不到的母亲们提供了一个设计案例，以缓解不断寻求改进的焦虑。
Present day ideals of good parenting are socio-technical constructs formed at the intersection of medical best practices, cultural norms, and technical innovation. These ideals take shape in relation to the fundamental uncertainty that parents/mothers face, an uncertainty that comes from not knowing how to do what is best for one's children, families, and selves. The growing body of parent-focused smart devices and data-tracking platforms emerging from this intersection frame the responsible parent as one who evaluates, analyzes, and mitigates data-defined risks for their children and family. As these devices and platforms proliferate, whether from respected medical institutions or commercial interests, they place new demands on families and add an implicit emphasis on how humans (often mothers) can be augmented and improved by data-rich technology. This is expressed both in the actions they support (e.g., breastfeeding, monitoring food intake), as well as in the emotions they render marginal (e.g., rage, struggle, loss, and regret). In this article, we turn away from optimization and self-improvement narratives to attend to our own felt experiences as mothers and designers. Through an embodied practice of creating Design Memoirs, we speak directly to the HCI community from our position as both users and subjects of optimized parenting tools. Our goal in this work is to bring nuance to a domain that is often rendered in simplistic terms or frames mothers as figures who could endlessly do more for the sake of their families. Our Design Memoirs emphasize the conflicting and often negative emotions we experienced while navigating these tools and medical systems. They depict our feelings of being at once powerful and powerless, expressing rage and love simultaneously, and struggling between expressing pride and humility. The Design Memoirs serve us in advocating that designers should use caution when considering a problem/solution focus to the experiences of parents. We conclude by reflecting on how our shared practice of making memoirs, as well as other approaches within feminist and queer theory, suggest strategies that trouble these optimization and improvement narratives. Overall, we present a case for designing for mothers who feel like they are just making do or falling short, in order to provide relief from the anxiety of constantly seeking improvement.