Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dust particle size fractions adherent to skin in indoor dust, Pretoria, South Africa
Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dust particle size fractions adherent to skin in indoor dust, Pretoria, South Africa
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-013-2312-7
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
K. Kefeni;J. Okonkwo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kefeni;J. Okonkwo
为了确定人体对室内有毒物质的接触，选择粉尘组分和了解室内沉降粉尘中粉尘的粒径分布是非常重要的。本研究探讨了粉尘粒径对多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）同系物浓度的影响，评估了粉尘粒径的分布，并对PBDEs的主要室内排放源进行了表征。相应地，在不同的室内灰尘颗粒中测得的多溴联苯醚同系物浓度相对较高，其大小顺序为：45-106 μm >（<45 μm）> 106-150 μm。结果表明，任意选择粉尘含量进行暴露测定可能会导致错误的结论。此外，还观察到，土壤中PBDEs浓度与有机质含量（相对于总尘量）之间存在统计学显著的中度相关性（r= 0.55，p = 0.001）。在<250 μm的粉尘中，平均93.4%（m/m%）的粉尘粒径小于150 μm。此外，在所考虑的皮肤粘附粉尘部分（<150 μm）中，86%（v/v%）的粒径范围为9.25-104.7 μm。经多溴联苯醚处理的电子材料是室内环境中多溴联苯醚同系物的主要排放源。根据测定的多溴联苯醚浓度和室内粉尘质量，150 μm金属筛适合人体暴露风险评估。然而，这方面的研究非常有限，需要更多的研究来概括这一事实。
In order to determine human exposure to the indoor toxicant, selection of dust fraction and understanding dust particle size distribution in settled indoor dust are very important. This study examined the influence of dust particle size on the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners, assessed the distribution of dust particle size and characterized the main indoor emission sources of PBDEs. Accordingly, the concentrations of PBDE congeners determined in different indoor dust fractions were found to be relatively higher in the order of dust particle size: 45–106 μm > (<45 μm) > 106–150 μm. The finding shows arbitrary selection of dust fractions for exposure determination may result in wrong conclusions. Statistically significant moderate correlation between the concentration of Σ9PBDEs and organic matter content calculated with respect to the total dust mass was also observed (r= 0.55,p= 0.001). On average, of total dust particle size <250 μm, 93.4 % (m/m%) of dust fractions was associated with less than 150 μm. Furthermore, of skin adherent dust fractions considered (<150 μm), 86 % (v/v%) is in the range of particle size 9.25–104.7 μm. Electronic materials treated with PBDEs were found the main emission sources of PBDE congeners in indoor environment. Based on concentrations of PBDEs determined and mass of indoor dust observed, 150 μm metallic sieve is adequate for human exposure risk assessment. However, research in this area is very limited and more research is required to generalize the fact.