Stickleback Fights: Why Do Winners Win? Influence of Metabolic and Morphometric Parameters
Stickleback Fights: Why Do Winners Win? Influence of Metabolic and Morphometric Parameters
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刺鱼战斗：为什么胜利者会获胜？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
P. Couture
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Guderley;P. Couture
将成对的生殖成熟的雄性三棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）引入不熟悉的水族箱中，并进行观察，直到一只雄性成为优势。皮肤类胡萝卜素含量，形态指标，以及代谢能力的轴和胸肌进行了检查，以确定是否形态或生理参数区分赢家和输家。发起战斗的刺鱼通常会赢。快速的开始导致快速的胜利。总体而言，赢家和输家不同的形态或代谢特征，但这些属性和这些属性之间的差异，输家和赢家的具体战斗与启动时间和战斗持续时间。失败者的形态指标的起始时间和战斗持续时间的主要决定因素，而胜利者的肌肉代谢能力与这些战斗特征。失败者的肝体指数（HSI）越大，战斗开始时间越长。同样，HSI和类胡萝卜素水平较高的失败者抵抗失败的时间更长。在胜利者中，起始时间随着轴肌磷酸果糖激酶水平的增加和柠檬酸合酶水平的降低而减少，而胸肌的代谢能力与时间有关，以取得胜利。当失败者有更大的HSI值比胜利者的一个特定的战斗，战斗开始被推迟，战斗持续时间更长。当失败者的类胡萝卜素水平高于胜利者时，争斗也会持续更长时间。另一方面，当失败者有更多的内脏脂肪（脂肪体质量超过躯体质量）比胜利者，启动时间和战斗持续时间都减少。这些结果表明，雄性棘鱼评估自己的生理状态和他们的对手，特别是HSI，并相应地调整自己的战斗策略。
Pairs of reproductively mature male three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were introduced into unfamiliar aquaria and observed until one male became dominant. Skin carotenoid content, morphometric indexes, and metabolic capacities of the axial and pectoral muscles were examined to establish whether morphological or physiological parameters differentiated winners and losers. Stickleback that initiated fights typically won. Quick initiation led to quick victory. Overall, winners and losers differed in few morphological or metabolic characteristics, but these properties and the differences between these attributes for losers and winners of specific fights were linked with initiation time and fight duration. Morphometric indexes of losers were the primary determinants of initiation time and fight duration, whereas for winners muscle metabolic capacities were linked to these fight characteristics. The greater the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of losers, the longer the fight initiation times. Similarly, losers with high HSI and carotenoid levels resisted defeat longer. In winners, initiation time decreased as axial muscle phosphofructokinase levels increased and citrate synthase levels decreased, whereas the metabolic capacities of the pectoral muscle were linked with time to achieve victory. When losers had greater HSI values than the winners of a specific fight, fight initiation was delayed and fights lasted longer. When losers had higher carotenoid levels than winners, fights also lasted longer. On the other hand, when losers had more visceral fat (fat body mass over somatic mass) than winners, both initiation time and combat duration were reduced. These results suggest that male stickleback assess their physiological status and that of their opponents, in particular the HSI, and adjust their combat strategies accordingly.