On doing two things at once: time sharing as a function of ideomotor compatibility.
On doing two things at once: time sharing as a function of ideomotor compatibility.
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同时做两件事：时间共享作为意念运动兼容性的函数。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1972
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Anthony G. Greenwald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anthony G. Greenwald
刺激和响应之间的“概念相容性”关系被定义为发生到刺激类似于来自响应的正常发生的感觉反馈的程度（例如，（一句话，一句话，一句话）。有人提出，高度ideomotorcompatible组合的刺激应该有效地选择的反应，而不负担有限的能力决策过程的中枢神经系统。相应地，（a）当两个任务高度一致时，预测两个同时决策任务的完全有效的时间共享，以及（B）当两个任务不是高度一致时，预期低效的时间共享。八个S服务于高和低Idealism兼容性条件下，需要快速独立的决策反应（口头和手动），两个同时刺激（听觉和视觉）。的ideomotor兼容性的变化对分时效率的预测效果明确证实。两个独立的决策任务能否同时高效地完成，也就是说，每一个决策任务的速度和准确性相对于其单独的表现都没有损失？只有在这两项任务不共用任何能力有限的信息处理系统的情况下才有可能做到这一点。当两个同时进行的任务都不需要基于刺激信息的决策时，避免常见的有限能力系统显然是可能的（亚当斯，1966年，第190页及以下）。然而，当需要决策的时间共享时，通常已经观察到同时执行的一些残余低效率，即使当已经注意确保两个任务使用不同的输入模态和输出效应器（例如，Schvaneveldt，1969年;另见
A relationship between stimulus and response of "ideomotor compatibility" was defined as occurring to the extent that the stimulus resembles normally occurring sensory feedback from the response (e.g., saying a word in response to hearing it said). It was proposed that the stimulus of highly ideomotorcompatible combinations should effectively select the response without burdening limited-capacity decision processes of the central nervous system. Accordingly, (a) perfectly efficient time sharing of two simultaneous decision tasks was predicted when both tasks were highly ideomotor compatible, and (b) inefficient time sharing was expected when both tasks were not highly ideomotor compatible. Eight Ss served in High and eight in Low Ideomotor Compatibility conditions that required rapid independent decision responses (spoken and manual) to two simultaneous stimuli (auditory and visual). The predicted effect of the ideomotor-compatibility variation on time-sharing efficiency was clearly confirmed. Can two independent decision tasks be performed simultaneously with perfect ef5ciency, that is, with no loss of speed or accuracy for each relative to its performance in isolation? This should be possible only if the two tasks do not share in the use of any limited-capacity information-processing systems. Avoidance of common limitedcapacity systems is evidently possible when neither of two simultaneous tasks requires a decision based on stimulus information (Adams, 1966, p. 190f.). However, when time sharing of decisions has been required, some residual inefficiency of simultaneous performance has generally been observed even when care has been taken to assure that the two tasks use different input modalities and output effectors (e.g., Schvaneveldt, 1969; see also the review by