ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDLIKE POLYNUCLEOTIDES
ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDLIKE POLYNUCLEOTIDES
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DOI：
10.1126/science.122.3176.907
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发表时间：
1955-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
OCHOA, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRUNBERGMANAGO, M;ORTIZ, PJ;OCHOA, S
尽管我们对单核苷酸、嘌呤和嘧啶碱基以及糖部分的合成所涉及的酶促机制的理解取得了显着进展，但核酸多核苷酸链的合成机制仍然不清楚。 f\S 在该实验室最近的一份报告中简要报道了 (1)，一种从微生物 Azotobacter vinelandii 中分离出来的酶催化 5'-核苷二磷酸合成多核苷酸，并释放正磷酸盐。该反应需要镁离子并且是可逆的。现有证据表明，固氮杆菌酶催化反应 nX-RPP~(XRP) n+ nP(1)\v，其中 R 代表核糖，PP 代表焦磷酸盐，P 代表正磷酸盐，X 代表以下一种或多种碱基：腺嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、尿嘧啶或胞嘧啶。生物合成多核苷酸的化学和酶促降解表明它们是一组 5'-单核苷酸单元通过 3'-磷酸核糖酯键相互连接，如 RNA (2)。因此，类比多糖，可逆磷酸解可能是生物分解的主要机制。 rn和多核苷酸链的合成。出于这个原因，已提议将新的酶命名为多核苷酸磷酸化酶（1）。
The mechanislns of synthesis of the polynucleotide chains of nucleic at: ids have remained obscure despite notable advances in our understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms involved in the synthesis of the mononucleotides, the purine and pyrimidine bases, and the sugar moieties. f\S briefly reported in a recent note from this laboratory (1), an enzyme isolated from the microorganism Azotobacter vinelandii catalyzes the synthesis of polynucleotides from 5'-nucleoside diphosphates with release of orthophosphate. The reaction requires magnesium ions and is reversible. The available evidence indicates that the Azotobacter enzyme catalyzes the reaction nX-RPP~(XRP) n+ nP(1)\vhere R stands for ribose, PP for pyrophosphate, P for orthophosphate, and X for one or more of the following bases: adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine.Chemical and enzymatic degradation of the biosynthetic polynucleotides showed that they are made up of 5'-mononucleotide units linked to one another through 3'-phosphoribose ester bonds as in RNA (2). Thus, in analogy,,, ith polysaccharides, reversible phosphorolysis may be a major mechanism in the biological breakdov. rn and synthesis of polynucleotide chains. For this reason, the name polynucleotide phosphorylase has been proposed (1) for the new en-