Agricultural Interventions and Nutrition: Lessons from the Past and New Evidence
Agricultural Interventions and Nutrition: Lessons from the Past and New Evidence
复制标题
DOI：
10.1079/9781845937140.0041
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Frongillo, E. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arimond, M.;Hawkes, C.;Frongillo, E. A.
在全球范围内，许多贫困家庭依靠农业谋生，即使在生计多样化的情况下也是如此。贫困家庭也最容易受到营养不良的影响，包括缺乏微量营养素。在过去的几十年里，各种组织都致力于利用农业来获取营养。农业方法有可能以可持续的方式对营养结果产生重大影响，但对这一潜在影响的证据基础以及如何最好地实现这一潜力了解不足。本章旨在巩固现有证据，将农业干预措施与营养结果联系起来。首先，本章描述了农业干预可以影响营养的五条途径：消费自身生产；增加收入；降低市场价格；改变消费者偏好；改变对资源的控制。第二，我们回顾了四类对农业和营养之间的联系提供见解的研究：农业商业化的早期研究；农业中妇女的研究；园艺干预研究；以及畜牧和水产养殖干预研究。始终如一的主题包括整合精心设计的行为改变沟通和认真考虑性别层面的重要性。第三，我们提出了两个案例研究，展示了设计良好的干预措施如何成功地使饮食多样化和/或影响微量营养素的摄入量和营养状况结果；第二个案例研究说明了规模上的影响。审查为未来干预措施的设计和评价设计提供了经验教训，并确定了今后工作的关键领域，包括调查成本效益、扩大进程和可持续性。
Globally, many poor households rely on agriculture for their livelihoods, and this remains true even when livelihoods are diversified. Poor households are also most vulnerable to undernutrition, including lack of micronutrients. Over the last decades, a variety of organizations have aimed to harness agriculture for nutrition. Agricultural approaches have the potential to substantially impact nutritional outcomes in a sustainable way, but there is insufficient understanding of the evidence base for this potential impact and of how best to achieve this potential. This chapter aims to consolidate the available evidence linking agricultural interventions to nutrition outcomes. First, the chapter describes five pathways through which agricultural interventions can impact nutrition: consumption of own production; increases in income; reductions in market prices; shifts in consumer preferences; and shifts in control of resources. Second, we review four types of studies that provide insights about links between agriculture and nutrition: early studies of agricultural commercialization; studies of women in agriculture; studies of horticultural interventions; and studies of livestock and aquaculture interventions. Consistent themes include the importance of integrating well-designed behaviour-change communications and careful consideration of gender dimensions. Third, we present two case studies that show how well-designed interventions can successfully diversify diets and/or impact micronutrient intakes and nutritional status outcomes; the second case study illustrates impact at scale. The review yields lessons for design of future interventions and for evaluation design, and identifies critical areas for future work, which include investigations of cost-effectiveness, scaling up processes and sustainability.