Control of appetite and energy intake by SCFA: what are the potential underlying mechanisms?
Control of appetite and energy intake by SCFA: what are the potential underlying mechanisms?
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665114001657
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Frost, Gary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chambers, Edward S.;Morrison, Douglas J.;Frost, Gary
近年来，人们对膳食纤维在肥胖管理中的作用重新产生了兴趣。这种兴趣很大程度上源于对动物和人类的研究，这些研究表明，增加可发酵纤维的摄入量可以抑制食欲，改善体重管理。越来越多的报道表明，膳食纤维结肠发酵的主要产物SCFA通过多种细胞代谢途径和受体介导的机制来促进能量稳态。特别是，在过去的十年中，已经确定存在广泛的SCFA受体系统。这些g蛋白偶联受体，游离脂肪酸受体（FFAR） 2和FFAR3在许多组织部位表达，包括肠上皮和脂肪组织。使用ffar2或ffar3缺陷动物模型的研究表明，scfa介导的对这些受体的刺激增强了结肠L细胞中厌食激素肽酪氨酸和胰高血糖素样肽-1的释放，以及脂肪细胞中瘦素的释放。此外，SCFA醋酸酯最近被证明在中枢食欲调节中起直接作用。此外，丙酸SCFA是已知的肝脏葡萄糖生成的前体，据报道，在反刍动物研究中，它通过刺激肝脏迷走神经传入神经抑制摄食行为。因此，本综述提出，结肠中SCFA的升高可以刺激不同器官和组织部位的大量激素和神经信号，从而累积抑制短期食欲和能量摄入。
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the role of dietary fibre in obesity management. Much of this interest stems from animal and human studies which suggest that an increased intake of fermentable fibre can suppress appetite and improve weight management. A growing number of reports have demonstrated that the principal products of colonic fermentation of dietary fibre, SCFA, contribute to energy homeostasis via effects on multiple cellular metabolic pathways and receptor-mediated mechanisms. In particular, over the past decade it has been identified that a widespread receptor system exists for SCFA. These G-protein-coupled receptors, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 and FFAR3 are expressed in numerous tissue sites, including the gut epithelium and adipose tissue. Investigations using FFAR2-or FFAR3-deficient animal models suggest that SCFA-mediated stimulation of these receptors enhances the release of the anorectic hormones peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide-1 from colonic L cells and leptin from adipocytes. In addition, the SCFA acetate has recently been shown to have a direct role in central appetite regulation. Furthermore, the SCFA propionate is a known precursor for hepatic glucose production, which has been reported to suppress feeding behaviour in ruminant studies through the stimulation of hepatic vagal afferents. The present review therefore proposes that an elevated colonic production of SCFA could stimulate numerous hormonal and neural signals at different organ and tissue sites that would cumulatively suppress short-term appetite and energy intake.