Human Capital Investment, Government Policy, and Productivity: Do Government Policies Promote Productivity?
Human Capital Investment, Government Policy, and Productivity: Do Government Policies Promote Productivity?
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发表时间：
2016-06
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通讯作者：
T. Sakamoto
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作者：
T. Sakamoto
生产力是国家财富和生活水平的重要决定因素。比较政治经济学的学者已经表明，不同的福利生产制度追求不同的人力资本形成政策，以促进生产力。人力资本投资政策在欧洲联盟的政策议程上也占有突出地位。但是，这些政府政策真的促进了经济的生产力吗？本文分析了这些政策是否提高了工业民主国家的生产率，在简要介绍了人力资本投资的解释，为什么他们应该帮助生产率。研究发现，家庭支持和教育政策促进了生产率的增长。虽然这种具有再分配效应的政策能够提高生产力，但是，一旦其他人力资本形成政策受到控制，直接再分配本身（如果简单地和仅以通过税收和转移支付减少贫穷来衡量）就会降低生产力增长。积极的劳动力市场政策对提高生产率的影响也几乎没有证据。因此，分析发现，政府有理由推行人力资本政策，以提高生产力，并最终提高生活水平，但他们应该选择适当的政策工具，有选择地这样做。
Productivity is an important determinant of national wealth and standards of living. Scholars of comparative political economy have shown that different welfare production regimes pursue distinct human capital formation policies to promote productivity. Human capital investment policies have also been prominent on the European Union’s policy agenda. But do those government policies actually promote the productivity of the economy? This paper analyzes whether such policies improve productivity in industrial democracies, after briefly presenting a human capital investment explanation for why they should help productivity. It finds that family support and education policies promote productivity growth. While such policies with redistributive effects are productivity-enhancing, however, direct redistribution itself (when simply and only measured as poverty reduction through taxes and transfers) lowers productivity growth, once other human capital formation policies are controlled for. There is also little evidence of pro-productivity effects of active labor market policy. The analysis, thus, finds reason for governments to pursue human capital policies to promote productivity and ultimately standards of living, but they should do so selectively by choosing appropriate policy tools.