Geomorphology of the oceans
Geomorphology of the oceans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.margeo.2014.01.011
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Baker, E. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, P. T.;Macmillan-Lawler, M.;Baker, E. K.
我们提出了第一个数字海底地貌特征图（GSFM）的全球海洋。全球可持续森林模型包括29个地貌特征类别的131 192个独立多边形，用于评估被动大陆边和主动大陆边之间以及8个主要海洋区域（北极、印度洋、北大西洋、北太平洋、南大西洋、南太平洋和南大洋以及地中海和黑海）之间的差异。全球可持续森林模型对被动和主动边缘之间的差异进行了定量评估：被动边缘的大陆架宽度（88公里）几乎是主动边缘（31公里）的三倍;主动斜坡的平均宽度（36公里）小于被动边缘斜坡的平均宽度（46公里）;主动边坡坡度超过5度的面积为340万平方公里，而被动边坡的面积为130万平方公里;大陆隆起覆盖2 700万平方公里的被动边缘，覆盖不到230万平方公里的活动边缘。通过具体应用实例表明：1）大裂谷段一般与扩张速度慢有关，小裂谷段一般与扩张速度快有关; 2）极地海底峡谷的平均大小是非极地峡谷的两倍，深海极地区域的海底粗糙度低于非极地区域，表示为空间上广泛的扇，海隆和深海平原沉积物沉积，所有这些都归因于大陆冰川的影响;（3）将海山确认为有别于海脊的一类地貌，导致对海山数量的估计低于以往工作者的估计。皇冠版权所有（C）2014由爱思唯尔B. V.出版保留所有权利。
We present the first digital seafloor geomorphic features map (GSFM) of the global ocean. The GSFM includes 131,192 separate polygons in 29 geomorphic feature categories, used here to assess differences between passive and active continental margins as well as between 8 major ocean regions (the Arctic, Indian, North Atlantic, North Pacific, South Atlantic, South Pacific and the Southern Oceans and the Mediterranean and Black Seas). The GSFM provides quantitative assessments of differences between passive and active margins: continental shelf width of passive margins (88 km) is nearly three times that of active margins (31 km); the average width of active slopes (36 km) is less than the average width of passive margin slopes (46 km); active margin slopes contain an area of 3.4 million km(2) where the gradient exceeds 5 degrees, compared with 1.3 million km(2) on passive margin slopes; the continental rise covers 27 million km(2) adjacent to passive margins and less than 2.3 million km(2) adjacent to active margins. Examples of specific applications of the GSFM are presented to show that: 1) larger rift valley segments are generally associated with slow-spreading rates and smaller rift valley segments are associated with fast spreading; 2) polar submarine canyons are twice the average size of non-polar canyons and abyssal polar regions exhibit lower seafloor roughness than non-polar regions, expressed as spatially extensive fan, rise and abyssal plain sediment deposits all of which are attributed here to the effects of continental glaciations; and 3) recognition of seamounts as a separate category of feature from ridges results in a lower estimate of seamount number compared with estimates of previous workers. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.