Epidemiology of Oral Clefts 2012: An International Perspective
Epidemiology of Oral Clefts 2012: An International Perspective
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DOI：
10.1159/000337464
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Modell, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mossey, P. A.;Modell, B.
唇腭裂领域的经典描述流行病学旨在量化问题，在高收入国家，可以以不同程度的准确性做到这一点。然而，这在世界上每个国家都不可能，流行病学应设法查明这些数据差距，以期改善这种情况。流行病学也必须是调查性的，并寻找趋势，协会和人群间的差异，以支持病因学研究和推进转化议程的目的。本章分为三个部分，力求述及上述所有三个领域。一般的出生缺陷，特别是口面裂，仍然是一个相对普遍和重要的问题，不仅对出生时有这些缺陷的个别患者来说是死亡或残疾，而且对他们的家庭和整个社会来说是护理负担和健康不平等。在高收入国家，尽管在治疗方面取得了重大进展，唇腭裂治疗的获得和证据基础方面的问题仍然存在，而在发展中国家，其后果是缺乏获得治疗的机会，缺乏基础设施来帮助量化问题，从而缺乏解决问题的能力。用于优化护理质量的治疗干预措施，最终的科学和人道主义目标是对可预防的疾病和紊乱进行初级预防。描述性流行病学支持这两个主要领域的研究调查。版权所有（C）2012 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Classical descriptive epidemiology in the field of cleft lip and palate aims to quantify the problem, and in the higher income countries it is possible to do this with varying degrees of accuracy. This is not however possible in every country in the world, and epidemiology should seek to identify these data gaps with a view to improvement in the situation. Epidemiology must also be investigative and look for trends, associations and inter-population differences, with the aim of supporting aetiological research and advancing the translational agenda. This chapter is set out in three parts and seeks to address all three of the above areas. Birth defects in general and orofacial clefting in particular remain a relatively common and significant problem for not only the individual patients born with these defects in terms of death or disability, but also for their families and for society in general in terms of burden of care and health inequality. In high-income countries, despite very significant advances in treatment, problems in access to care and evidence base for cleft care still exist whereas in the developing world the consequences are lack of access to care and lack of infrastructure to help with quantification of the problem and consequently the ability to address it. The major questions in contemporary cleft lip and palate research surround ways of improving the evidence base for the treatment interventions used to optimise quality of care, and the ultimate scientific and humanitarian objective is primary prevention of those diseases and disorders that are preventable. Descriptive epidemiology underpins research enquiry in both of these major areas. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel