POLLEN SHEDDING AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN RICE
POLLEN SHEDDING AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN RICE
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci1982.0011183x002200040008x
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
RUTGER, JN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MACKILL, DJ;COFFMAN, WR;RUTGER, JN
高温诱导水稻不育（O. sativa L.）在传统的种植模式中并不是一个重要的问题。随着旱季作物灌溉系统的发展和半干旱国家水稻产量的扩大，耐高温将成为一个重要的育种目标。对耐热品种选育的前景进行了探讨。在菲律宾国际水稻研究所人工气候室中进行双列杂交试验，测定了6个水稻品系开花期耐高温的配合力。对照植物保持在29 ℃以下。21.degree. C温度状态。将处理过的植物置于38 ℃/ 27.degree. C处理10天。耐热性指数通过将处理植物的饱满谷粒的百分比除以对照植物的饱满谷粒的百分比来计算。一般配合力效应和特殊配合力效应均达极显著水平。耐盐品系N22、IR 2006和IET 4658的一般配合力效应分别为6.80、4.08和3.02。感病品系IR 28、IR 1561和IR 52的一般配合力效应分别为-3.40、-4.92和-5.58。在29/21 ℃和38/27 ℃两种温度条件下，研究了6个异交亲本和2个F_1杂交种柱头上的花粉脱落量。在两种温度条件下，耐性品种在柱头上脱落的花粉较多。在敏感基因型中，在高温下柱头上的花粉脱落量显著减少。花粉萌发在品种。IET 4658在38 ° C下降低。27.degree. C温度状态。育性百分率与38 °/20 °柱头上的花粉量呈正相关。27.degree. C.耐高温基因型柱头上的大量花粉似乎是对高温下花粉生长减少的补偿。在田间条件下观察花粉脱落与人工气候室的结果一致。
High temperature-induced sterility in rice (O. sativa L.) has not been an important problem in traditional cropping patterns. High temperature tolerance will become an important breeding objective as irrigation systems for dry season cropping are developed and rice production in semi-arid countries expanded. A study was made to ascertain the prospects for breeding heat tolerant cultivars. A diallel cross experiment was conducted in the phytotron at the International Rice Research Institute [The Philippines] to determine the combining ability of 6 rice lines for high temperature tolerance at anthesis. Control plants were kept under a 29.degree./21.degree. C temperature regime. The treated plants were subjected to 38.degree./27.degree. C for 10 days during anthesis. A heat tolerance index was calculated by dividing the percentage of filled grains of the treated plants by that of the control plants. General and specific combiing ability effects for this index were highly significant. The tolerant lines, N22, IR2006 and IET4658, had general combining ability effects of 6.80, 4.08 and 3.02, respectively. The susceptible lines, IR28, IR1561 and IR52, had general combining ability effects of -3.40, -4.92 and -5.58, respectively. The amount of pollen shed on the stigma was studied for the 6 diallel parents and 2 F1 hybrids under the 2 temperature regimes (29/21 and 38/27 C. Tolerant cultivars shed more pollen grains on the stigma uder both temperature regimes. In the susceptible genotypes, there was a marked reduction in the amount of pollen shed on the stigma at the high temperature. Pollen germination in the cv. IET4658 was reduced under the 38.degree./27.degree. C temperature regime. Percentage fertility was positively correlated with the amount of pollen on the stigma at 38.degree./27.degree. C. The large amount of pollen on the stigma in tolerant genotypes appeared to compensate for reduced pollen growth under high temperature. Observations of pollen shedding under field conditions corresponded well with the phytotron results.