Iron(0)-Catalyzed Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Switchgrass: the Effects of Co-Catalysts and Reductive Conditions
Iron(0)-Catalyzed Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Switchgrass: the Effects of Co-Catalysts and Reductive Conditions
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DOI：
10.1007/s12155-020-10140-9
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
F. Deng;A. Amarasekara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Deng;A. Amarasekara
研究了氯化铁（III）、氯化锌、硼酸钠、乙酸、草酸、10% Pd-C、碳酸钠、Raney-Ni等助催化剂以及H2at 200 psi还原条件对210℃下铁(0)催化柳枝稷水热液化的影响。在60%乙醇中加入10% （w/w）氯化铁作为助催化剂，无氢气气氛，液化率从55.7±1.5%提高到67.6±2.5%。用Pd/C （5% w/w）和Raney-Ni （5% w/w）作为助催化剂，在200 psi、210℃、24 h的氢气气氛下，液化率分别提高到67.0±3.0和72.3±1.8%。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，液化产物形成C5-C10范围的部分氧化产物，液化产物的组成取决于所使用的助催化剂。液化残留物的热重和FT-IR分析表明，在210℃的温度下，铁(0)催化柳枝稷液化过程中，多糖部分主要液化。
The effects of a series of co-catalysts: iron(III)chloride, zinc chloride, sodium borate, acetic acid, oxalic acid, 10% Pd-C, sodium carbonate, and Raney-Ni as well as H2at 200 psi reductive conditions were studied on the iron(0)-catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction of switchgrass at 210 °C. The addition 10% (w/w) iron(III)chloride as a co-catalyst in 60% aq. ethanol, without a hydrogen atmosphere enhanced the liquefaction yield from 55.7 ± 1.5 to 67.6 ± 2.5%. The use of Pd/C (5% w/w) and Raney-Ni (5% w/w) as co-catalysts could also enhance the liquefaction yields to 67.0 ± 3.0 and 72.3 ± 1.8% respectively, in reactions carried out under hydrogen atmosphere at 200 psi, in H2O, 210 °C, 24 h. GC-MS analysis of the liquefaction products revealed that C5-C10 range partially oxygenated products are formed and the composition of the liquefaction product depends on the co-catalyst used. The thermogravimetric and FT-IR analysis of liquefaction residues indicated that polysaccharide fraction is mainly liquefied in these iron(0)-catalyzed liquefactions of switchgrass at 210 °C.