Reconstitution of the human biome as the most reasonable solution for epidemics of allergic and autoimmune diseases
Reconstitution of the human biome as the most reasonable solution for epidemics of allergic and autoimmune diseases
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.019
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Parker, William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bilbo, Staci D.;Wray, Gregory A.;Parker, William
广泛的高免疫相关疾病困扰着后工业社会，其流行程度和影响令人震惊。强有力的证据表明，人体生态系统（人类生物群系）中蠕虫的消失是造成这一流行病的最重要因素。蠕虫是一种肠道蠕虫，在很大程度上已被厕所和水处理设施等后工业文化元素所消灭，但在脊椎动物中却无处不在，并与免疫系统共同进化。蛔虫不仅通过转移免疫系统远离这些病理过程和刺激宿主调节网络来抑制过敏和自身免疫反应，而且还释放出多种下调免疫系统的因子。基于免疫学、寄生虫学、进化生物学、流行病学和神经生物学的研究，对超免疫相关疾病的全面看法表明，生物群落耗竭的影响可能尚未完全认识到，并可能对人类生物学的许多领域产生意想不到的广泛影响，包括认知。幸运的是，在实验室啮齿类动物中，蠕虫的定植导致了许多自身免疫性和过敏性疾病的治愈，在人类身上的临床研究表明，它们在治疗多发性硬化症和炎症性肠病方面都很有用。基于这些考虑，强烈鼓励投入大量资源，以了解“生物群落耗竭”的影响，并系统地评估生物群落重建的最有效方法。(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
A wide range of hyperimmune-associated diseases plague post-industrial society, with a prevalence and impact that is staggering. Strong evidence points towards a loss of helminths from the ecosystem of the human body (the human biome) as the most important factor in this epidemic. Helminths, intestinal worms which are largely eradicated by elements of post-industrial culture including toilets and water treatment facilities, have an otherwise ubiquitous presence in vertebrates, and have co-evolved with the immune system. Not only do helminths discourage allergic and autoimmune reactions by diverting the immune system away from these pathologic processes and stimulating host regulatory networks, helminths release a variety of factors which down-modulate the immune system. A comprehensive view of hyperimmune-related disease based on studies in immunology, parasitology, evolutionary biology, epidemiology, and neurobiology indicates that the effects of biome depletion may not yet be fully realized, and may have an unexpectedly broad impact on many areas of human biology, including cognition. Fortunately, colonization with helminths results in a cure of numerous autoimmune and allergic diseases in laboratory rodents, and clinical studies in humans have indicated their utility for treatment of both multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Based on these considerations, commitment of considerable resources toward understanding the effects of "biome depletion" and systematically evaluating the most effective approach toward biome reconstitution is strongly encouraged. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.