Comparative Advantage and Agglomeration of Economic Activity
Comparative Advantage and Agglomeration of Economic Activity
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DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2849758
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发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Michael Pflüger;T. Tabuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael Pflüger;T. Tabuchi
国家之间和国家内部的分工是由两种基本力量推动的，即比较优势和不断增加的回报。我们建立了一个带有Marshallian输入共享机制的简单李嘉图模型来研究它们之间的相互作用。出现的关键见解是，集聚经济和比较优势之间的相互作用涉及一种根本性的紧张关系，这种紧张关系错综复杂地受到贸易成本的影响。贸易成本的降低在受这股力量支配的部门中促进了比较优势的分散影响，而集聚经济的影响则因不断增加的回报部门的贸易成本降低而增强。对国际贸易的关键影响是，大经济体和小经济体之间的工资比率不仅由决定集聚经济和比较优势的基本要素决定，而且还受贸易成本的部门水平不同地影响。劳动力跨地区流动的经济地理背景的基本含义是，当集聚经济相对于比较优势强大时，就会出现部分集聚，这更有可能是回报递增部门的贸易成本越低，而受比较优势支配的部门的贸易成本越高。该模型可以作为一个城市系统的基础，在这个系统中，内生的大城市在生产方面表现出更多的多样性。
The division of labor between and within countries is driven by two fundamental forces, comparative advantage and increasing returns. We set up a simple Ricardian model with a Marshallian input sharing mechanism to study their interplay. The key insight that emerges is that the interaction between agglomeration economies and comparative advantage involves a fundamental tension which is intricately affected by trade costs. A reduction of trade costs fosters the dispersive impact of comparative advantage in sectors governed by this force whilst the impact of agglomeration economies is enhanced by trade cost reductions in the increasing returns sector. The key implication for international trade is that the wage ratio between large and small economies is not only shaped by the primitives that determine agglomeration economies and comparative advantage but also, and differentially, by the sectoral levels of trade costs. The fundamental implication for an economic geography context where labor is mobile across locations is that partial agglomeration emerges when agglomeration economies are strong relative to comparative advantage, and this is more likely the lower are trade costs in increasing returns sectors and the higher are trade costs in sectors governed by comparative advantage. The model may serve as a foundation for an urban system where the endogenously emerging larger city exhibits more diversity in production.