Archaeological evidence shows widespread human depopulation of Last Glacial Maximum Northeast Asia
Archaeological evidence shows widespread human depopulation of Last Glacial Maximum Northeast Asia
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DOI：
10.1007/s12520-022-01596-1
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ian Buvit;J. Rasic;Masami Izuho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ian Buvit;J. Rasic;Masami Izuho
几十年来，考古学家一直在争论旧石器时代的人类是否在末次盛冰期（LGM）期间撤离东北亚，这个问题对于西伯利亚、白令海峡和美洲的更新世人类尤其重要。有证据表明，在距今 26,000 至 20,000 卡路里之间，全球末次盛冰期周围发生了人口萎缩。首先，史前 14 世纪记录中存在差距，将没有楔形微刀片核心的较旧遗址与具有该技术的较年轻遗址区分开来。此外，实际日期和模拟日期分布之间的差异表明了废弃时期而不是连续占领时期。相比之下，萨哈林岛和北海道海域在这些岛屿作为半岛的一部分与亚洲大陆相连时可能经历了人口扩张。古西伯利亚人和美洲原住民祖先之间的基因分裂也有可能通过考古学上的追踪，通过楔形微刀片核心在人口收缩后从沿海地区返回到内陆地区的分布。最后，如果人类在末次盛宴时从东北亚的大部分地区撤退，那么白令海峡或西伯利亚的基因停滞就很难调和。
For decades, archaeologists have debated whether Paleolithic humans withdrew from Northeast Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), an issue especially important for the Pleistocene peopling of Siberia, Beringia, and the Americas. Evidence suggests a population contraction occurred around the global LGM between 26,000 and 20,000 cal BP. For one, gaps exist in prehistoric14C records that separate older sites with no wedge-shaped microblade cores from younger sites with the technology. Also, variation between actual and simulated distributions of dates indicates periods of abandonment rather than continuous occupation. The maritime region of Sakhalin and Hokkaido, in contrast, may have experienced population expansion at the time when the islands were connected to mainland Asia as part of a peninsula. It is further possible that the genetic split between Paleo Siberians and ancestral Native Americans can be traced archaeologically through the distribution of wedge-shaped microblade cores from the coastal zones back into interior regions following the population contractions. Finally, if humans retreated from a greater part of Northeast Asia at the LGM, then a genetic standstill in Beringia or Siberia is difficult to reconcile.