Synthesis of nanoparticles, their biocompatibility, and toxicity behavior for biomedical applications
Synthesis of nanoparticles, their biocompatibility, and toxicity behavior for biomedical applications
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DOI：
10.1039/c3tb20738b
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
van Veggel, Frank C. J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gautam, Anurag;van Veggel, Frank C. J. M.
几十年来，纳米材料的研究部分集中在它们在生物医学应用中的应用。然而，近年来，通过仔细控制纳米颗粒的尺寸、形状和表面改性，该领域已经发展到更先进的阶段。本文综述了氧化铁和NaLnF（4）两类纳米粒子的合成方法、表征技术、生物相容性研究、毒性行为及其在磁共振成像中的应用。它们的光学性质将仅简要提及。氧化铁纳米颗粒在低场下显示出饱和磁化，因此，焦点将是MLnF（4）（Ln = Dy 3+、Ho 3+和Gd 3+）顺磁性纳米颗粒作为可在高场下维持其磁化的替代造影剂。原因是在高于7 T的磁场下需要更有效的造影剂，而目前大多数动物MRI都是在7 T以上进行的。此外，我们观察到细胞毒性的程度目前还没有完全了解，部分原因是它取决于大小，封盖材料，纳米粒子的剂量和表面化学，因此需要优化的多维现象。因此，在用于临床应用之前，需要进一步仔细研究。
Nanomaterials research has in part been focused on their use in biomedical applications for more than several decades. However, in recent years this field has been developing to a much more advanced stage by carefully controlling the size, shape, and surface-modification of nanoparticles. This review provides an overview of two classes of nanoparticles, namely iron oxide and NaLnF(4), and synthesis methods, characterization techniques, study of biocompatibility, toxicity behavior, and applications of iron oxide nanoparticles and NaLnF(4) nanoparticles as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Their optical properties will only briefly be mentioned. Iron oxide nanoparticles show a saturation of magnetization at low field, therefore, the focus will be MLnF(4) (Ln = Dy3+, Ho3+, and Gd3+) paramagnetic nanoparticles as alternative contrast agents which can sustain their magnetization at high field. The reason is that more potent contrast agents are needed at magnetic fields higher than 7 T, where most animal MRI is being done these days. Furthermore we observe that the extent of cytotoxicity is not fully understood at present, in part because it is dependent on the size, capping materials, dose of nanoparticles, and surface chemistry, and thus needs optimization of the multidimensional phenomenon. Therefore, it needs further careful investigation before being used in clinical applications.