Current and future emission estimates of exhaust gases and particles from shipping at the largest port in Korea
Current and future emission estimates of exhaust gases and particles from shipping at the largest port in Korea
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-014-2569-5
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Sang-Keun Song;Zang-Ho Shon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sang-Keun Song;Zang-Ho Shon
对穿越韩国釜山港的船舶的废气(NOx、SO2、VOCs和CO2)和颗粒物(例如PM)的排放量进行了三个不同年份(2006、2008和2009年)的估算。这一分析是根据船舶作业模式(“海上”、“操纵”和“港内”)和船型进行的，其基础是基于活动的方法。还比较了当前(基准年2009年)和未来情景(2020年和2050年)的船舶排放量。2008年SO2、VOCs、PM和CO2的年排放量最高(分别为9.6 × 103、374、1.2 × 103和5.6 × 105吨年−1)。相比之下，2006年的年NOx排放量最高(11.7 × 103吨年−1)，主要原因是NOx排放因子较高。每种船舶作业模式的空气污染物排放量差别很大，其中“进港”模式的排放量最大。此外，在研究期间，所有空气污染物排放的最大比例(约45%-67%)来自集装箱船。预计2020年和2050年船舶排放的大部分污染物(SO2和PM除外)将分别是2009年(基准年)的1.4-1.8倍和4.7-6.1倍。
The emissions of exhaust gases (NOx, SO2, VOCs, and CO2) and particles (e.g., PM) from ships traversing Busan Port in Korea were estimated over three different years (the years 2006, 2008, and 2009). This analysis was performed according to the ship operational modes (“at sea,” “maneuvering,” and “in port”) and ship types based on an activity-based method. The ship emissions for current (base year 2009) and future scenarios (years 2020 and 2050) were also compared. The annual emissions of SO2, VOCs, PM, and CO2were highest (9.6 × 103, 374, 1.2 × 103, and 5.6 × 105ton year−1, respectively) in 2008. In contrast, the annual NOxemissions were highest (11.7 × 103ton year−1) in 2006 due mainly to the high NOxemission factor. The emissions of air pollutants for each ship operational mode differed considerably, with the largest emission observed in “in port” mode. In addition, the largest fraction (approximately 45–67 %) of the emissions of all air pollutants during the study period was emitted from container ships. The future ship emissions of most pollutants (except for SO2and PM) in 2020 and 2050 are estimated to be 1.4–1.8 and 4.7–6.1 times higher than those in 2009 (base year), respectively.