Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 in Ovarian Function and Their Importance in Mammalian Female Fertility - A Review.
Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 in Ovarian Function and Their Importance in Mammalian Female Fertility - A Review.
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DOI：
10.5713/ajas.15.0797
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leal CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Castro FC;Cruz MH;Leal CL
生长因子在早期卵巢发育和卵泡发生中起重要作用，因为它们调节生殖细胞向性腺嵴的迁移。它们还作用于卵泡募集、颗粒细胞和卵泡膜的增殖/闭锁、类固醇生成、卵母细胞成熟、排卵和黄体化。在这些生长因子中，属于转化生长因子β（TGF-β）超家族的生长分化因子9（GDF 9）和骨形态发生蛋白15（BMP 15）被认为是卵泡发育所必需的。GDF 9和BMP 15参与原始卵泡向初级卵泡的进化，并在卵泡发育和成熟的后期发挥重要作用，增加类固醇生成急性调节蛋白、纤溶酶原激活剂和促黄体生成素受体（LHR）的表达。这些因子也参与卵母细胞和周围卵丘细胞之间的相互连接，在那里它们调节氨基酸的吸收、糖酵解和胆固醇卵丘细胞的生物合成。尽管作用模式尚未完全确立，但体外观察表明，因子GDF 9和BMP 15通过诱导细胞中的有丝分裂以及与卵泡成熟相关的基因的颗粒和卵泡膜表达来刺激卵泡的生长和卵丘细胞的增殖。因此，为了更好地了解这些生长因子对卵母细胞发育的作用，本文简要综述了GDF 9和BMP 15在卵巢功能中的作用。
Growth factors play an important role during early ovarian development and folliculogenesis, since they regulate the migration of germ cells to the gonadal ridge. They also act on follicle recruitment, proliferation/atresia of granulosa cells and theca, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, ovulation and luteinization. Among the growth factors, the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, have been implicated as essential for follicular development. The GDF9 and BMP15 participate in the evolution of the primordial follicle to primary follicle and play an important role in the later stages of follicular development and maturation, increasing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression, plasminogen activator and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). These factors are also involved in the interconnections between the oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells, where they regulate absorption of amino acids, glycolysis and biosynthesis of cholesterol cumulus cells. Even though the mode of action has not been fully established, in vitro observations indicate that the factors GDF9 and BMP15 stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles and proliferation of cumulus cells through the induction of mitosis in cells and granulosa and theca expression of genes linked to follicular maturation. Thus, seeking greater understanding of the action of these growth factors on the development of oocytes, the role of GDF9 and BMP15 in ovarian function is summarized in this brief review.